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Biology 20 > The Excretory System + Urine Formation > Flashcards

The Excretory System + Urine Formation Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the Kidneys?

A
  1. Regulate extracellular fluid
  2. Concentration of waste products, and electrolytes
  3. Balance blood pH
  4. Water balance in body
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2
Q

What waste products are in Urine?

A
  1. Ammonia
  2. Urea
  3. Uric Acid
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3
Q

Deamination of amino acids by the liver

A

Ammonia

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4
Q

Ammonia (from deamination) combined with CO2

A

Urea

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5
Q

Breakdown of nucleic acids (DNA)

A

Uric Acid

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6
Q

Carries blood TO the Kidneys from abdominal Aorta

A

Renal Arteries

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7
Q

Filters wastes from the blood and passes it to the Ureters (long dusts) which passes it along to the Bladder

A

Kidneys

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8
Q

Stores Urine

A

Bladder

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9
Q

Carries Urine from Bladder to exterior of body

A

Urethra

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10
Q

Outer layer of the Kidney

A

Cortex

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11
Q

Inner layer of the Kidney

A

Medulla

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12
Q

Hollow area where the Kidney joins the Ureter. Collects Urine and transports it to the Ureters.

A

Renal Pelvis

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13
Q

Kidney’s functional unit is the..

A

Nephron

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14
Q

Small blood vessels that surround the tubule of the Nephron

A

Peritubular Capillary

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15
Q

Brings blood into the Glomerulus to be converted into Urine. Located in the Cortex.

A

Afferent Arterioles

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16
Q

Brings blood out of the Glomerulus. Removing blood and blood components not filtered into Nephron. Located in the Cortex

A

Efferent Arterioles

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17
Q

High pressure capillary bed that is the site of filtration. It is surrounded by Bowman’s Capsule

A

Glomerulus

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18
Q

The cuplike structure that surrounds the Glomerulus which receives filtrate to be turned into Urine under high pressure. Located in the Cortex

A

Bowman’s Capsule

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19
Q

The section of the Nephron joining the Bowman’s Capsule with the Loop of Henle. Re-absorption of H2O. Located in the Cortex.

A

Proximal Tubule

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20
Q

The section of the Tubule that carries filtrate from the Proximal Tubule to the Distal Tubule. Re-absorption of water. Descends into Medulla.

A

Loop of Henle

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21
Q

Carries Urine from the Loop of Henle to the collecting duct.

A

Distal Tubule

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22
Q

(Cortex –> Medulla) tube that carries Urine from the Nephrons to the Renal Pelvis –> many collecting ducts from many Nephrons merge into Renal Pelvis –> Ureter –> Bladder (storage)

A

Collecting Ducts

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23
Q

Where does Urine come from?

A

Blood

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24
Q

Movement of fluid from the Blood into the Bowman’s Capsule

A

Filtration

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25
Q

Transfer of essential solutes and water from the Nephron back into the blood. (Nephron to Blood)

A

Reabsorption

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26
Q

Transport of materials from the Blood into the Nephron. (Blood to Nephron)

A

Secretion

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27
Q

what is excretion?

A

Urine transported to the Bladder and out of the body.

28
Q

Accomplished by movement of fluids from Blood to Bowman’s Capsule

A

Filtration

29
Q

Pressure in Glomerulus is 4 times ______ than a normal Capillary bed.

30
Q

The dissolved solutes which pass through the walls of the Glomerulus into the Bowman’s Capsule is called..

31
Q

What does Filtrate include?

A

Water, Urea, Glucose, Amino acids, and salts

32
Q

Plasma proteins, Blood cells and Platelets don’t enter the Bowman’s capsule because…

A

They are too large

33
Q

Plasma proteins, Blood cells and Platelets leave the Glomerulus via the ________ Arteriole and enter back into circulation

A

Efferent (Away)

34
Q

Transfer of essential solutes and water from the Nephron BACK into the Blood

A

Reabsorption

35
Q

Of the 120 mL/min filtered into the Nephron, how much mLs of Urine is actually formed?

A

1 mL/min of Urine is formed

36
Q

Of the 120 mL/min filtered into the Nephron, how much mLs of fluids and solutes are reabsorbed?

A

119 mL of fluids and solutes are reabsorbed

37
Q

Type of transport which requires energy

A

Active Transport

38
Q

Type of transport which requires no energy

A

Passive Transport

39
Q

Reabsorption occurs until a substance reaches..

A

Threshold Level (no more can be reabsorbed)

40
Q

What happens to excess NaCl remaining in the Nephron?

A

ITS PEED OUT

41
Q

What does water follow?

A

Water follows the Solute!!

42
Q

Where does most Reabsorption take place?

A

Proximal Tubule

43
Q

What is Reabsorbed in the Proximal Tubule?

A

NaCl (active), Water (passive), Nutrients (active), K+ (passive), and HCO3- (passive)

44
Q

What is Reabsorbed in the Descending Loop of Henle?

A

Water (passive)

45
Q

What is Reabsorbed in the Ascending Loop of Henle?

A

NaCl (passive)

46
Q

Water moves from Filtrate to capillary in which part of Loop of Henle?

A

Descending

47
Q

Solutes move from Filtrate into capillaries in which part of Loop of Henle?

48
Q

What is Reabsorbed in the Distal Tubule?

A

NaCl (active), HCO3- (active), and Water (passive)

49
Q

What is Reabsorbed in the Collecting Duct?

A

Urea (passive), Water (passive), and NaCl (active)

50
Q

Movement of wastes from the Blood into the Nephron.

A

Secretion (Blood to Nephron)

51
Q

Where does Secretion occur along the Nephron?

A

The Proximal Tubule and the Distal Tubule

52
Q

What is Secreted in the Proximal Tubule?

A
  1. H+ (Active)
    ~Maintains pH balance in blood
  2. NH3 (Passive)
    ~From breakdown of protein
53
Q

Composed of H2O, NaCl, HCO3-, H+, Urea, Glucose, AAs, and some drugs

54
Q

From where in the Nephron is the fluid considered urine?

A

Near the end/After the fluid leaves the Collecting Duct

55
Q

What is Excretion?

A

pee go bye bye

56
Q

Urine contains substances that have undergone both…

A

Glomerular Filtration (which hasn’t been absorbed back into the blood), and Tubular Secretion

57
Q

What does Urine contain?

A

Water, Salt, Urea, Uric Acid, and Minerals

58
Q

Identify where useful molecules and wastes are filtered out of the Blood and into the Nephron (Secretion).

A

Proximal and Distal Tubules

59
Q

Where are useful molecules reabsorbed from the Nephron back into the Blood (Reabsorption)?

A

All throughout the Nephron

60
Q

Which structure transports the waste molecules (Urine) left behind after Reabsorption?

A

The Renal Pelvis

61
Q

Which parts of the Nephron are in the Cortex of the Kidney?

A

The Proximal and Distal Tubules

62
Q

Which parts of the Nephron penetrate deep into the Medulla?

A

The Ascending and Descending Loop of Henle, and Collecting Duct

63
Q

How is the statement, “Kidneys filter wastes out of Blood” false?

A

Kidneys are not just filters, they also Reabsorb.

64
Q

How does decrease in Blood pressure affect Kidney function?

A

The filtration efficiency is decreased

65
Q

In terms of energy costs to the cell in the Proximal Tubule, the reabsorption of salt (Na+ and Cl-) and water has been called a deal where we get “3 for the price of 1”. Why?

A

Water follows the Solute (the salt/Na+ Cl-).

66
Q

Where is the highest concentration of Na+ found in the Loop of Henle?

A

The bottom of the Loop

Biology 20 (20 decks)

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