Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 20 > Kidney Dysfunction + Maintaining the Excretory System > Flashcards

Kidney Dysfunction + Maintaining the Excretory System Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is Diabetes Mellitus?

A

When the body can’t produce Insulin (type 1) or can’t use insulin (type 2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What happens to our blood sugar concentrations when we lack insulin? (Diabetes Mellitus)

A

Our concentration of blood sugar increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A person is excreting large volumes of Urine containing GLUCOSE and water. What does this person have?

A

Diabetes Mellitus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The destruction of ADH production caused by autoimmune disorders, or certain drugs, viruses, or infections.
Can be genetic.

A

Diabetes Insipidus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does Diabetes Insipidus cause?

A

Huge quantities of dilute Urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Inflammation of the Nephrons due to virus, infections, or autoimmune diseases, or hypertension (high blood pressure).

A

Nephritis (aka Bright’s Disease)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

If someone has Nephritis, which causes damage to the Glomerulus, what would be the effects?

A
  • Large proteins and RBC can pass into the Nephrons, causing excess volumes of water, and blood in Urine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Precipitate formed from minerals in the Blood.
~Sharp-sided stones which can lodge in the Renal Pelvis and tear tissue!

A

Kidney Stones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Temporary solution for people whose Kidneys cannot effectively process bodily wastes until they receive a Kidney transplant.

A

Kidney Dialysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the two types of Kidney Dialysis?

A

Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A treatment to filter wastes and water from your blood.
Connected to the artery and vein in the person’s arm.

A

Hemodialysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A treatment for kidney failure that uses the lining of your abdomen, or belly, to filter your blood inside your body.

A

Peritoneal Dialysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How is the adjustments of water and urine regulated in the body? (Ex. Dehydrated = Less Urine)

A

Communication between nervous system (brain-hypothalamus) and endocrine system (ADH + Aldosterone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Regulates Osmotic (water) pressure of body fluids.
Acts on Kidneys to increase water absorption.
= more concentrated Urine

A

ADH / Antidiuretic Hormone
(they’re produced by special nerve cells in the Hypothalamus!)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A hormone produced in the Adrenal Cortex (the Kidney’s cute hat!).
Acts in response to drop in Blood Pressure.

A

Aldosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Acts on Nephrons to increase Na+ /NaCl reabsorption and water follows by Osmosis.
= Decreases Urine Output + the amount of NaCl and K inside it

A

Aldosterone

17
Q

Which Urine formation process requires no energy?

A

Filtration

18
Q

Where are Drugs and Poison secreted from?

A

The Blood

19
Q

Excretion can be defined as the removal of..

A

Metabolic Wastes from the body

20
Q

To what part of the Kidney is the Ureter attached?

A

The Renal Pelvis

21
Q

Under normal conditions Proteins are found in the fluid of the..

A

Glomerulus

22
Q

Damage to the Glomerulus could lead to the presence of..

A

Red Blood cells and Proteins in the Filtrate 😼😼🙏🙏🙏

23
Q

An increase in Blood levels of both Aldosterone and ADH would most directly affect which parts of the Nephron?

A

The Distal Tubule and Collecting Duct

24
Q

High levels of ADH result in the production of ____________ Urine

A

Concentrated Urine

25
Q

Nutrients such as Amino Acids are reabsorbed by the process of active transport in the..

A

Proximal Tubule

26
Q

Diabetes Insipidus is a disease that results in an Excessive volume of highly Dilute Urine. This is due to..

A

Low ADH Levels

27
Q

Blood leaving the Liver has a High concentration of Urea, which is formed by the..

A

Deamination of Protein

28
Q

Which part of the Nephron contains the Highest concentration of Mitochondria (<– generates energy and power) in the cells?

A

The Proximal Tubule

29
Q

A human blood sample contains a greater concentration of Urea than normal. Why?

A

they may have eaten excessive amounts of protein.

30
Q

Allowing liquids or gases to pass through it.

A

Permeable

31
Q

Not allowing fluid to pass through.

A

Impermeable

32
Q

When a person drinks alcohol, the amount of Urine produced increases. The physiological reason for this is that Alcohol inhibits ___ secretion and less water is __________.

A

ADH secretion and less water is REABSORBED

Biology 20 (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions