Kidney Dysfunction + Maintaining the Excretory System Flashcards
What is Diabetes Mellitus?
When the body can’t produce Insulin (type 1) or can’t use insulin (type 2)
What happens to our blood sugar concentrations when we lack insulin? (Diabetes Mellitus)
Our concentration of blood sugar increases
A person is excreting large volumes of Urine containing GLUCOSE and water. What does this person have?
Diabetes Mellitus
The destruction of ADH production caused by autoimmune disorders, or certain drugs, viruses, or infections.
Can be genetic.
Diabetes Insipidus
What does Diabetes Insipidus cause?
Huge quantities of dilute Urine
Inflammation of the Nephrons due to virus, infections, or autoimmune diseases, or hypertension (high blood pressure).
Nephritis (aka Bright’s Disease)
If someone has Nephritis, which causes damage to the Glomerulus, what would be the effects?
- Large proteins and RBC can pass into the Nephrons, causing excess volumes of water, and blood in Urine
Precipitate formed from minerals in the Blood.
~Sharp-sided stones which can lodge in the Renal Pelvis and tear tissue!
Kidney Stones
Temporary solution for people whose Kidneys cannot effectively process bodily wastes until they receive a Kidney transplant.
Kidney Dialysis
What are the two types of Kidney Dialysis?
Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis
A treatment to filter wastes and water from your blood.
Connected to the artery and vein in the person’s arm.
Hemodialysis
A treatment for kidney failure that uses the lining of your abdomen, or belly, to filter your blood inside your body.
Peritoneal Dialysis
How is the adjustments of water and urine regulated in the body? (Ex. Dehydrated = Less Urine)
Communication between nervous system (brain-hypothalamus) and endocrine system (ADH + Aldosterone)
Regulates Osmotic (water) pressure of body fluids.
Acts on Kidneys to increase water absorption.
= more concentrated Urine
ADH / Antidiuretic Hormone
(they’re produced by special nerve cells in the Hypothalamus!)
A hormone produced in the Adrenal Cortex (the Kidney’s cute hat!).
Acts in response to drop in Blood Pressure.
Aldosterone
Acts on Nephrons to increase Na+ /NaCl reabsorption and water follows by Osmosis.
= Decreases Urine Output + the amount of NaCl and K inside it
Aldosterone
Which Urine formation process requires no energy?
Filtration
Where are Drugs and Poison secreted from?
The Blood
Excretion can be defined as the removal of..
Metabolic Wastes from the body
To what part of the Kidney is the Ureter attached?
The Renal Pelvis
Under normal conditions Proteins are found in the fluid of the..
Glomerulus
Damage to the Glomerulus could lead to the presence of..
Red Blood cells and Proteins in the Filtrate 😼😼🙏🙏🙏
An increase in Blood levels of both Aldosterone and ADH would most directly affect which parts of the Nephron?
The Distal Tubule and Collecting Duct
High levels of ADH result in the production of ____________ Urine
Concentrated Urine
Nutrients such as Amino Acids are reabsorbed by the process of active transport in the..
Proximal Tubule
Diabetes Insipidus is a disease that results in an Excessive volume of highly Dilute Urine. This is due to..
Low ADH Levels
Blood leaving the Liver has a High concentration of Urea, which is formed by the..
Deamination of Protein
Which part of the Nephron contains the Highest concentration of Mitochondria (<– generates energy and power) in the cells?
The Proximal Tubule
A human blood sample contains a greater concentration of Urea than normal. Why?
they may have eaten excessive amounts of protein.
Allowing liquids or gases to pass through it.
Permeable
Not allowing fluid to pass through.
Impermeable
When a person drinks alcohol, the amount of Urine produced increases. The physiological reason for this is that Alcohol inhibits ___ secretion and less water is __________.
ADH secretion and less water is REABSORBED
