Developing a Theory to Explain Change

Question 1

Believed all species of organisms has been created independently of one another and had remained unchanged ever since.
- Believed to be true for over 2000 years

Answer 1

Aristotle and Pluto

Question 2

Statement that makes successful predictions about a broad range of observations.

Answer 2

Theory

Question 3

What could be evidence for extinction?

Answer 3

Fossil Record

Question 4

Destructive natural events which were believed to have killed numerous species each time they occured.

Answer 4

Revolutions

Question 5

Believed that species increased in complexity over time, until they reached perfection.
- Organisms could acquire characteristics and pass onto children (Ex. develop large muscles and therefore offspring will have large muscles).

Answer 5

Lamarck

Question 6

What understanding refuted Lamarck’s ideas?

Answer 6

The understanding of Genes and Heredity

Question 7

Believed evolution takes place because more organisms are produced than can survive, and only the best organisms best suited to their environment survive to reproduce and pass on their advantageous traits to their offspring.

Answer 7

Charles Darwin

Question 8

Evolution occurs in 5 steps. Name them. 🎀

Answer 8

1. Overproduction
2. Struggle for existence
3. Variation
4. Survival of the Fittest
5. Origin of new species

Question 9

Why does Overproduction happen in evolution?

Answer 9

The number of offspring produced by a species is more than can actually survive. (Higher chance of survivors)

Question 10

What does Struggle for Existence mean in evolution?

Answer 10

Every living organism faces a constant struggle to survive.
- Only a fraction of offspring will survive due to fierce competition for food, mates, shelter, etc.

Question 11

What does Variation mean in evolution?

Answer 11

Individuals of a given species very
- Only identical twins are the same

Question 12

What does Survival of the Fittest (Natural Selection) mean in evolution?

Answer 12

Nature selects which organisms will survive based on traits that give them an advantage in the environment.

Question 13

What does Origin of New Species mean in evolution?

Answer 13

The organisms that survive pass on their traits to offspring.
- This eventually can lead to speciation.

Question 14

What are examples of ‘Evidence of Evolution?

Answer 14

1. Fossil Record
2. Biogeography
3. Anatomy
4. Embryology
5. Molecular Biology

Question 15

______ ______ (Evidence of Evolution)
- Fossils found in young layers of rock are much more similar to species alive today.
- Fossils appear in Chronological order. (Not all organisms appear in the fossil record at the same time).

Answer 15

Fossil Record

Question 16

____________ (Evidence of Evolution)
- Study of the past and present Geographical Distribution of organisms.
- Geographically close environments are more likely to be populated by related species than are locations that are geographically separate but environmentally similar.
- Closely related species are almost never found in exactly the same location or habitat.

Answer 16

Biogeography

Question 17

_______ (Evidence of Evolution)
Different types of structures
- Homologous structures
- Analogous structures
- Vestigial structures

Answer 17

Anatomy

Question 18

Structures that have similar structural elements and origin but may have different functions. (Ex. human arm, cat leg, whale flipper, and bat wing.)

Answer 18

Homologous Structure

Question 19

Structures that have a different structure but perform similar functions, even though the organisms do not have a common evolutionary origin. (Ex. wings in flying animals like bats, birds, and insects).

Answer 19

Analogous Structure

Question 20

Rudimentary structures that serve no useful function.
- A reasonable explanation is that they once served some function in an ancient ancestor.

Answer 20

Vestigial Structures

Question 21

__________ (Evidence of Evolution)
- The embryos of different organisms exhibit similar stages of embryonic development.
- Similarities among embryos in related groups point to a common ancestral origin.
- Similarities in the embryos of a lizard, tortoise, pig, and mammals provide evidence of evolution.

Answer 21

Embryology

Question 22

_________ _______ (Evidence of Evolution)
Evolutionary relationships among species are reflected in their DNA and Proteins.

Answer 22

Molecular Biology

Question 23

Molecular Biology provides evidence that helps support the idea of common ancestry and evolution through what?

Answer 23

Natural Selection

Question 24

__________ _________ (Evidence of Evolution)
The process of humans selecting and breeding individuals with desired traits.
- Used to alter appearance, behaviour, and chemical makeup of plants and animals.

Answer 24

Artificial Selection

Question 25

What type of evidence supports punctuated equilibrium?

Answer 25

Fossil Record