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Biology 20 > Energy in the Biosphere + Bioaccumulation > Flashcards

Energy in the Biosphere + Bioaccumulation Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

the study of the relationships between living things (organisms) and their non-living surroundings, the environment.

A

Ecology

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2
Q

the narrow zone around the Earth that contains life

A

Biosphere

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3
Q

What are the two types of systems?

A

Open and Closed system

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4
Q

The system which allows energy and matter to cross the system’s boundary - to enter and leave it.

A

Open system

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5
Q

The system which allows only energy (but not matter) to cross the system’s boundary.

A

Closed system

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6
Q

In terms of matter, Earth is considered which system?

A

A Closed system (all the matter that is here is here to stay)

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7
Q

In terms of energy, Earth is considered which system?

A

A Open system (sun’s energy enters and some is radiated back into space)

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8
Q

object or group of objects that scientists study

A

System

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9
Q

All organisms need ______ to survive.

A

Energy

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10
Q

Energy on Earth originates from what?

A

the Sun

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11
Q

takes energy from the sun and stores it in high energy molecules (such as glucose)

A

Photosynthesis

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12
Q

allows organisms to breakdown glucose –> release energy that can be used to maintain life processes

A

Cellular Respiration

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13
Q

What are the 4 life processes?

A

Growth, Movement, Repair, and Reproduction

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14
Q

What is Albedo?

A

the amount of reflected energy

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15
Q

Do light-coloured, reflective surfaces have higher or lower Albedo?

A

higher!!

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16
Q

Do dark-coloured surfaces have higher or lower Albedo?

A

lower!!

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17
Q

(True or False) Both matter and energy cycles through the biosphere.

A

False - Matter does but Energy only passes through and does not cycle.

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18
Q

(Part of the Second Law of Thermodynamics) As energy is converted from one form to another, some energy is always lost in the form of what?

A

HEAT

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19
Q

In what way does the energy involved with Photosynthesis differ from energy involved with Cellular Respiration?

A

Photosynthesis uses energy directly from the sunlight while as Cellular Respiration uses the sunlight indirectly.

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20
Q

What percentage of the Sun’s energy is absorbed by Earth’s land and ocean surfaces?

A

51%

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21
Q

What is the First Law of Thermodynamics?

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed

22
Q

What is the Second Law of Thermodynamics?

A

With every energy conversion, there is less energy available to do useful work.

23
Q

Organisms capable of producing their own food.

A

Autotrophs / Producers / Photosynthetic / Chemosynthetic / SO MANY NAMES

24
Q

the process where energy from chemical nutrients is converted into useful energy (carbohydrates) in the absence of sunlight

A

Chemosynthesis

25
Q

Organisms incapable of Photosynthesis.
-Obtains food and energy from Autotrophs and other..

A

Heterotrophs aka Consumers

26
Q

Special group of Heterotrophs that break down wastes or detritus (dead matter)

A

Decomposers

27
Q

Feeds on Plants

A

Herbivores

28
Q

Feeds on Animals

A

Carnivores

29
Q

Feeds on Plants and Animals

A

Omnivore

30
Q

Consumers that obtain energy/nutrients plants

A

Primary Consumers

31
Q

Consumers that feed on primary consumers (<-herbivore)

A

Secondary Consumers

32
Q

Consumers that feed on secondary consumers

A

Tertiary Consumers

33
Q

Trophic levels describe feeding relationships in ecosystems where what are transferred?

A

Energy and Matter

34
Q

What trophic level are producers?

A

1st Trophic level

35
Q

What trophic level are Primary Consumers?

A

2nd Trophic level

36
Q

What trophic level are Secondary Consumers?

A

3rd Trophic level

37
Q

What trophic level are Tertiary Consumers?

A

4th Trophic level

38
Q

What trophic level are Quaternary Consumers?

A

5th Trophic level

39
Q

Which Trophic levels can decomposers feed on?

A

ALLL

40
Q

What is the Rule of 10?

A

Only 10% of energy from one trophic level is transferred to the next.

41
Q

Model that shows the linear pathways through which food is transferred from producers to primary consumers and higher trophic levels

A

Food Chains

42
Q

A series of interlocking food chains representing the transfer of energy through various trophic levels in an ecosystem

A

Food Webs

43
Q

What do Ecological Pyramids represent?

A

energy flow in food chains and webs

44
Q

What are 3 types of Ecological Pyramids?

A

Pyramid of Numbers, Biomass, and Energy

45
Q

Pyramid that represents the counting numbers of an Organism at each Trophic level

A

Pyramid of numbers

46
Q

Which type of ecological pyramid cannot be inverted?

A

Pyramid of Energy

47
Q

Pyramid that represents the measure of dry tissue of an Organism at each Trophic level

A

Pyramid of Biomass

48
Q

Pyramid that represents the measure of thermal energy released from chemical bonds at each Trophic level

A

Pyramid of Energy

49
Q

Why is less energy transferred from one trophic level to the next in an ecosystem?

A

90% of energy is used by the organism/lost in the form of heat

50
Q

Why is there a limit to the length of food chains?

A

The longer the food chain, the less energy gets passed.

51
Q

the gradual accumulation of substances, such as pesticides or other chemicals, in an organism.

A

Bioaccumulation

52
Q

the accumulation of chemicals which increase in concentration as you move up the food chain

A

Biomagnification

Biology 20 (20 decks)

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