Ecosystem Organization + Classifying and Naming Organisms + Studying Organisms in Ecosystems Flashcards
everything that affects an organism and everything an organism affects in it’s life
Environment
living components of the environment. (ex. other organisms, predators, food)
Biotic Components
non-living components of the environment. (ex. sunlight, water, minerals)
Abiotic Components
scientists who study the interactions of organisms with one another and their environment
Ecologists
organisms that can breed with one another and produce fertile offspring.
Species
a group of individuals of the same species living in a specific area at the same time
Population
consists of all the individuals in all of the interacting populations in a given area
Community
A community of populations, together with the abiotic factors that surround and affect it
Ecosystem
What changes can alter population size?
Sunlight, temperature, and available water
As the population of one species changes, the population of it’s predators go ____
down
As the population of one species changes, the population of it’s prey go ____
up!!
How can a habitat be altered?
Fires, floods, and rockslides
All the ecosystem in the world and their interactions make up the..
Biosphere
The science of classification according to the presumed relationships among organisms
Taxonomy
What are the six kingdoms of life?
- Archaea
- Bacteria
- Protista
- Fungi
- Plantae
- Animalia
_______ : Prokaryote = single-celled, Enucleated, Capable of living in extreme environments, Such as salt lakes, hot springs, and underwater thermal hot vents
Archaea
________ : Prokaryote, Genetically very different from Archaebacteria
Bacteria
________ : Eukaryote, Have a nucleus, Unicellular & multicellular, Consist of autotrophs and heterotrophs
Protista
_____ : Eukaryote, Unicellular & multicellular, Obtain food by secreting digestive enzymes onto their food source -> Absorb molecules released by the enzymes, Sessile (doesn’t move)
Fungi
_______ : Eukaryote, Most are multicellular with specialized cells, Capable of photosynthesis (autotrophs), Sessile
Plantae
________ : Eukaryote, Multicellular, Ingest their food (heterotrophs), Motile
Animalia
What are the three Domains of Life?
- Eukarya
- Bacteria
- Archaea
Which domain includes the kingdoms of Protista, Fungi, Plantae, & Animalia?
Eukarya
Which domain includes the kingdom Bacteria?
BACTERIA!!!
Which domain includes the kingdom Archaea?
ARCHAEA!!!
A two-word naming system comprised of the genus & species name
Binomial Nomenclature
Appears 1st, noun, capitalized, underlined or italicized
Genus
Appears 2nd, descriptive, lower case, underlined or italicized
species
Identification key that uses a series of paired organisms to sort organisms into smaller and smaller groups
Dichotomous key
Name how animals are classified from less specific to most specific (starting from Domain)
- Domain
- Kingdom
- Phylum
- Class
- Order
- Family
- Genus
- Species
refers to the average weather conditions in particular region over a period of time, usually 30 years or more
Climate
what is climate determined by?
temperature and rainfall
what is temperature and rainfall influenced by?
unequal heating of the Earth, Local geography, Snow/ice cover, and Proximity of large bodies of water
large ecosystems
Biomes
Biomes are plotted based on what?
Annual Temperature and Precipitation
Patterns suggest that an increase in both temperature and precipitation are related to an increase in what?
Biodiversity
Biomes on land
Terrestrial Biomes
Biomes on lakes, rivers, estuaries (where river flows into the ocean), coral reefs, intertidal zones (where an ocean meets the land).
Aquatic Biomes
Within ______ and vegetation zones are different Habitats, each with its own set of organisms and abiotic conditions.
Biomes
_____ of a population/species : the geographical area where the population or species is found
Range
The role that members of a species play in a community and the total range of biotic and abiotic requirements that its members need in order to survive.
Niche
Which aquatic ecosystem section would have most life?
Limnetic (plenty of water and sunlight)
Section of Aquatic Ecosystem which is close to the shore
Littoral
Section of Aquatic Ecosystem that’s lower levels of body of water
Benthic
Section of Aquatic Ecosystem which is the deep zone (no light penetration)
Profundal
Section of Aquatic Ecosystem that’s open, well lit surface waters
Limnetic
There are abiotic and biotic limiting _______ that control the number of individuals in a population
Factors
What are some Abiotic Limiting Factors?
Soil type, Moisture, Humidity levels, and Temperature range
What are some Biotic Limiting Factors?
Competition, Predation, and Parasitism
Intraspecific Competition - ______ a population
WITHIN
Interspecific Competition - _______ a population
BETWEEN