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Biology 20 > DONT DO THIS ONE (BAD DECK BUT IM WAY 2 ATTACHED 2 IT 2 DELETE IT) > Flashcards

DONT DO THIS ONE (BAD DECK BUT IM WAY 2 ATTACHED 2 IT 2 DELETE IT) Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Assembling Macromolecules

A

Dehydration Synthesis

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2
Q

Disassembling Macromolecules

A

Hydrolisis Chemical Bond

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3
Q

3 Major groups required for cell metabolism and growth

A
  1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3. Proteins
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4
Q

Help in chemical reactions

A

Vitamins and Minerals

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5
Q

Make up DNA; composed of sugar, phosphate and nitrogen bases

A

Nucleic Acids

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6
Q

Fast source of energy

A

Carbonhydrates

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7
Q

Body doesn’t make, get them from diet (Eg. Potatoes, Bread, Corn, Rice, and Fruit)

A

Carbonhydrates

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8
Q

Contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the proportion 1:2:1

A

Carbonhydrates

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9
Q

Two categories of carbonhydrates

A

Simple sugars and Complex sugars

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10
Q

Ex. Gluclose, Fructose, Deoxyribose, Cellulose

A

Common Carbs / Monosaccharides

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11
Q

Ex. Sucrose, Maltose, Lactose

A

Simple Sugars / Disaccharide

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12
Q

Ex. Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose

A

Complex Sugars / Polysaccharides

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13
Q

Insoluble

A

Can’t be dissolved

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14
Q

Insoluble in water

A

Lipids

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15
Q

Component of cell membranes; Cushion Organs; Carriers for vitamins A, D, E, and K; Raw materials for the synthesis of hormones; insulates against cold.

A

Lipids

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16
Q

2 structural units that compose lipids ; combined by dehydration synthesis

A

1 Glycerol + 3 fatty acids

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17
Q

a lipid composed of one glycerol and 3 fatty acids

A

Triglycerides

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18
Q

Triglycerides that are solid at room temperature

A

Fats

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19
Q

Between carbon atoms = stable, hard to break

A

Single Bond

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20
Q

Lipids that are single bonds

A

Saturated Fats

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21
Q

Triglycerides that are liquid at room temperature

A

Oils

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22
Q

Between carbon atoms; Bonds are reactive and easily broken

A

Double Bonds

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23
Q

Lipids that are double bonded

A

Unsaturated Fats

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24
Q

Phosphate group, Glycerol backbone of the molecule

A

Phopholipids

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25
Q

Soluble in water, Component of Cell membranes

A

Phopholipids

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26
Q

Phopholipids have a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail, what does this mean?

A

A head that likes water and a tail that does not like water

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27
Q

the predominate part of muscles, skin, nerves and hair; organelles; Antibodies; Enzymes

A

Proteins

28
Q

Provide energy for the tissues although energy production is not the main function.

A

Proteins

29
Q

Composed of building blocks called amino acids (aa)

A

Proteins

30
Q

Amino groups are made up of

A

Amino group (NH2); Carboxyl group (COOH); R groups

31
Q

R groups

A

represents a number of different structures and differentiate one aa from another.

32
Q

The sequence of aa are determind by ____ and the type of protein they make.

A

genes

33
Q

essential aa

A

aa that the body is not capable of making. you can only obtain them from your diet

34
Q

When aa are joined together, a water molecule is removed

A

dehydration synthesis

35
Q

when a covalent bond is form between the carboxyl group of one aa and an amino group from another

A

peptide bond

36
Q

chains of aa are called ?

A

polypeptides

37
Q

Denaturation are (reversible or permanent change?)

A

reversible

38
Q

Physical or Chemical factors that disrupt bonds cause..

A

changes in the shape of the protein.

39
Q

Denaturation; Once the physical or chemical factor is removed, the protein may assume…

A

original state

40
Q

A permanent change in protein shape

A

Coagulation

41
Q

Coagulation; The proteins in the egg are said to have coagulated because no matter how much cooling takes place, they will never assume

A

their original state

42
Q

Two ways of increasing the rate of reactions

A

Increase temperature and using catalysts

43
Q

what are enzymes?

A

catalysts

44
Q

Enzymes are proteins specialized for..

A

specific tasks

45
Q

All chemical reactions in living organisms require _________ to work

A

enzymes

46
Q

Synthesis

A

make

47
Q

digestion

A

break

48
Q

Enzymes are protein catalysts and reduce the reactions..

A

activation energy

49
Q

The molecule on which an enzyme works on.

A

Substrate

50
Q

The area that joins the enzyme with the substrate molecule

A

Active site

51
Q

The enzyme’s active site is like a ____ and ____ mechanism

A

Lock and Key

52
Q

When the enzyme temporarily joins with the substrate this forms an

A

Enzyme-substrate complex

53
Q

Factors affectinv enzyme reactions

A

1.Temperature 2.pH 3.Substrate Molecule Concentration 4.Conpetitive inhibitors 5.Non-competitive inhibitors

54
Q

when the temperature is too high, bonds are _____ and when too low, bonds are not _______

A

too high= weak
too low= flexible

55
Q

Most humans function optimally between pH..

A

6-8

56
Q

The greater the # of substrate molecules -> the greater the # of collisions -> the greater the rate of..

A

reaction

57
Q

Molecules have shapes similar to that of the substrate. Taking up the car spot

A

Competitive inhibitors

58
Q

Changes the shape and active site of the enzyme. taking half of the car spot

A

Non-competitive inhibitors

59
Q

Product of the first reaction becomes the substrate for the next reaction

A

Series of enzymatic reactions

60
Q

Allosteric/Regulatory site

A

another part of the enzyme

61
Q

Final product goes back, prevents the substrate and enzyme from binding

A

Feedback Inhibition

62
Q

when simple carbs are positive, they turn..

A

Orange and Green

63
Q

When conplex carbs are positive, they turn…

A

Black

64
Q

When lipids are positive, they turn…

A

translucent

65
Q

When proteins are positive, they turn..

A

Violet/Pink

Biology 20 (20 decks)

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