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Biology 20 > Light Dependant and Independant (Dark) Reactions > Flashcards

Light Dependant and Independant (Dark) Reactions Flashcards

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1
Q

Light _________ Reactions
-The clustered arrangement of pigments in Thylakoids
-Contains two Photosystems
-All absorbed sunlight energy is passed to a reaction centre

A

Light Dependant Reactions

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2
Q

Each PS (Photosystem) has about __ Chlorophyll molecules and a few carotenoids and a molecule that accepts electrons.

A

12

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3
Q

In Light Dependant Reactions, all absorbed sunlight energy is passed to a specialized electron-accepting Chlorophyll a molecule called the..

A

Reaction Centre

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4
Q

What happens when energy (e-) is passed from the other pigments to the reaction centre?

A

it becomes “excited” / the electrons have been raised to a higher energy level

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5
Q

What happens when electron (e-) is passed from the reaction centre to the electron accepting molecule?

A

it becomes reduced (gains an electron) and has a higher energy level

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6
Q

the splitting of water

A

Photolysis

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7
Q

What does Photolysis produce?

A

electrons, oxygen, and hydrogen ions (H+)

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8
Q

How are electrons produced for Light Dependent Reactions?

A

Electrons are produced by the splitting of water (Photolysis)

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9
Q

The energized electron is passed through a series of electron carrying molecules called..

A

Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

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10
Q

As the electron is passed to electron acceptors, it falls to a _____ energy state.

A

Lower

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11
Q

The released energy pushes __ ____ from the Stroma into the inner Thylakoid space.

A

H+ Ions

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12
Q

The pushed H+ from the released energy creates a..

A

Concentration Gradient

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13
Q

Provides a “push” to regenerate ATP from ADP + P

A

Concentration Gradient

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14
Q

As H+ move down the concentration gradient, it drives the reaction that generates ___.

A

ATP

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15
Q

Creating ATP using H+ concentration gradient

A

Chemiosmosis

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16
Q

Using light to make ATP (adding P to ADP)

A

Photophosphorylation

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17
Q

The electron from PSI is used to reduce NADP+ into..

A

NADPH

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18
Q

The reducing power (NADPH) will be used in..

A

Light Independent Reactions

19
Q

An electron from _____ replaced the electron that was lost from PSII

A

water

20
Q

The oxygen from the water molecule is converted to molecular ______.

A

Oxygen (O2)

21
Q

Light Dependant Reaction happens in the..

A

Thylakoids

22
Q

Reaction Center is full of..

A

Chlorophyll!!!!!!!

23
Q

Light ___________ Reactions
-Series of reactions that “fixes” atmospheric CO2 into Glucose.
-If sufficient NADPH and ATP in the stroma, the energy of these molecules can be used to synthesize Glucose in the presence or absence of Light

A

Independent

24
Q

five-carbon compounds

A

RuBP

25
Q

Dark Reaction takes place in the..

A

Stroma

26
Q

6 carbon chain

A

Carbon Fixation

27
Q

Three-Carbon Chains with low energy

A

PGA

28
Q

Three Carbon Chain with high energy

A

PGAL

29
Q

Energy released during ETC forces __ across the thylakoid membrane and create a concentration gradient.

A

H+

30
Q

Energy from the concentration gradient is used to generate ATP from ADP and P by means of..

A

Chemiosmosis

31
Q

Series of reactions that “fixes” (adds) atmospheric CO2 into Glucose

A

Light Independent Reaction

32
Q

If sufficient _____ and ___ in the Stroma, the energy of these molecules can be used to synthesize glucose in the presence or absence of light

A

NADPH and ATP

33
Q

What are the steps of Dark Reaction?

A
  1. Carbon Fixation
  2. Reduction
  3. Replacing RuBP
34
Q

What are the steps of light reaction?

A
  1. Photolysis and PSII
  2. Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
  3. PSI
  4. Reducing Power
35
Q

What is carbon fixation?

A

When C atom from CO2 binds to a pre-existing 5 carbon molecule RuBP

36
Q

New 6 Carbon from Carbon Fixation is ________ and quickly breaks down into 2 x 3C PGA molecules

A

Unstable

37
Q

Reduction = ??

A

Charge up

38
Q

The new 3 carbon molecules are in a ___ energy state

A

Low

39
Q

The new PGA molecules are activated by ATP then Reduced by..

A

NADPH

40
Q

How many PGAL leave the cycle to make Glucose?

A

One!!!

41
Q

The remaining _ PGAL stays in the cycle

A

Five!!!

42
Q

ATP produced from the light dependant reactions breaks and reforms the 3 carbon PGAL into 5 Carbon..

A

RuBP

43
Q

What is the enzyme that fixes carbon?

A

Rubisco

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