The endosymbiotic theory

Question 1

How is endosymbiosis supported?

Answer 1

• The hypothesis that eukaryotic cells evolved
  from a symbiotic association of
  prokaryotes—endosymbiosis—is particularly
  well supported by studies of mitochondria
  and chloroplasts, which are thought to have
  evolved from bacteria living in large cells

Question 2

How was the first eukaryote created?

Answer 2

• The first eukaryote may have originated from an
  ancestral prokaryote that had undergone
  membrane proliferation, compartmentalization of
  cellular function (into a nucleus, lysosomes, and
  an endoplasmic reticulum), and the establishment
  of endosymbiotic relationships with an aerobic
  prokaryote

Question 3

What are the two distinct types if cells?

Answer 3

• There are two distinct types of cells: prokaryotic cells
  and eukaryotic cells. Though the structures of
  prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ, their molecular compositions and activities
  are very similar. The chief molecules in cells are
  nucleic acids, proteins, and polysaccharides

Question 4

What are prokaryotic cells?

Answer 4

simple unicellular,
lack nucleus and membrane bound organelles,
nucleoid contains small and circular DNA.
Less parts compared to eukaryotes with DNA, ribosomes, cell membranes, cell wall and sometimes capsule.

Question 5

What are eukaryotic cells?

Answer 5

multicellular, complex.
have nucleus and membrane bound organelles.
Dna and genetic material in nucleus.
contain plasma membrane, cytoplasm nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondria, and peroxisomes, and sometimes vacuole.

Question 6

what are unicellular and multicellular organisms?

Answer 6

• Unicellular organisms are made up of only one cell
  that carries out all of the functions needed by the
  organism, while multicellular organisms use many
  different cells to function. Unicellular organisms
  include bacteria, protists, and yeast

Question 7

What’s the difference between unicellular and multicellular organisms?

Answer 7

unicellular:
composes of one cell
simple body organization
single cell for all life processes
total cell body exposed to environment.
division of labor at organelle level.
both for eukaryotes and prokaryotes.
lifespan is shorter .
multicellular:
composed of more than once cell
complex body organization.
multiple cells for different body tasks.
only outer cell exposed to environment.
division of labor at cellular, tissue, organ and organ system levels.
only eukaryotic.
lifespan is longer.