Nervous system

Question 1

How does your nervous system work?

Answer 1

By sending electrical signals to different parts of your body. That tell you how to act.

Question 2

Two main parts of the nervous system?

Answer 2

CNS AND PNS

Question 3

What does the CNS consist of?

Answer 3

The brain and spinal cord.

Question 4

What does the CNS serve as?

Answer 4

Serving as the control center for
processing information and directing responses.

Question 4

What does the brain do?

Answer 4

Manages complex functions like thought, memory, emotion, and movement.

Question 5

What does the spinal cord do?

Answer 5

Acts as a communication highway, relaying signals between the brain and the body.

Question 5

The PNS connects the ___ to the body.

Answer 5

CNS

Question 6

Two main parts of PNS?

Answer 6

The somatic and autonomic nervous systems.

Question 7

What does the somatic system do?

Answer 7

Controls voluntary movements
and sensory information.

Question 8

Divisions of the autonomic system?

Answer 8

Sympathetic and
parasympathetic systems.

Question 9

What does the sympathetic system do?

Answer 9

Prepares the body for action
(fight-or-flight).

Question 9

What does the parasympathetic system do?

Answer 9

Conserves energy and supports “rest and digest” functions.

Question 10

How do all of these systems help the body?

Answer 10

Ensure the body responds to
internal and external stimuli efficiently.

Question 11

Functions Of The Nervous System?

Answer 11

Sensory input, integration, motor output and hemostasis.

Question 12

Where are the neurotransmitters released and how?

Answer 12

Neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft when a nerve impulse reaches a synapse.

Question 13

What do the neurotransmitters attach to?

Answer 13

Receptors on the neighboring neuron, either stimulating or inhibiting it.

Question 14

What do the neurotransmitters consist of?

Answer 14

Dopamine, Serotonin, Acetylcholine, GABA.

Question 15

Dopamine function?

Answer 15

Associated with motivation, reward, and motor
control.

Question 16

Serotonin function?

Answer 16

Controls hunger, mood, and sleep.

Question 18

Acetylcholine function

Answer 18

Contributes to memory and muscle contraction.

Question 18

GABA function?

Answer 18

Aids in controlling muscular tone and anxiety.

Question 18

How do these parts and processes help the body?

Answer 18

Enable the nervous
system to respond and adapt to the surroundings in an efficient
manner, preserving general homeostasis and enabling
complex activities.

Question 19

What is the reflex arc?

Answer 19

Pathway that a reflex takes through the nervous system, allowing for rapid,
automatic responses to certain stimuli.

Question 20

Nature of reflexes?

Answer 20

Involuntary, meaning they happen without conscious
thought, which is why they’re often quick and protective.

Question 21

Phase 1 of Reflex arc and their function?

Answer 21

Receptor, a receptor detects a stimulus.

Question 22

Phase 2 of Reflex arc and their function?

Answer 22

Sensory neuron, sensory neuron sends an electrical signal toward the central nervous system (CNS) , specifically the spinal cord.

Question 23

Phase 3 of Reflex arc and their function?

Answer 23

Integration center, the signal reaches the spinal cord, where it’s processed. In the spinal cord, an interneuron may connect the sensory neuron to the motor neuron.

Question 24

Phase 4 of Reflex arc and their function?

Answer 24

Motor neuron, the CNS sends a response signal through a motor neuron, which travels back to the muscle or gland that will react to the stimulus.

Question 25

Phase 5 of Reflex arc and their function?

Answer 25

Effector, is the muscle or gland that carries out the reflex action.

Question 26

Name Five diseases of the nervous system?

Answer 26

Huntington, Parkinson, Alzheimer, Multiple sclerosis, Peripheral Neuropathy.

Question 27

Explanation of first?

Answer 27

This gene codes for the production of a protein called huntingtin that is toxic to
the nerve cells in the striatum which then causes issues like involuntary movements, muscle spasms, and difficulty walking and cerebral cortex.

Question 28

Explanation of second?

Answer 28

A progressive disorder affecting movement, characterized by tremors, stiffness, slowness of movement, and impaired balance.

Question 29

Explanation of third?

Answer 29

A degenerative brain disease causing memory loss, confusion, and difficulty with
thinking and reasoning.

Question 30

Explanation of fourth?

Answer 30

An autoimmune disease that attacks the myelin sheath surrounding nerve fibers, leading to impaired nerve signaling.

Question 31

Explanation of fifth?

Answer 31

Damage to nerves outside the brain and spinal cord, often causing numbness, tingling, pain, and muscle weakness. It affects the nerves that are responsible for transmitting signals between the central nervous system and the rest of the body, allowing us to feel sensations and move
our muscles.