skeletal system(advanced)

Question 1

What is the skeletal system?

Answer 1

The skeletal system is all of bones in the body and the
tissues such as tendons, ligament and cartilage that
connect them .

There are about 300 bones in babies but they then fuse
to become 206 bones in adults

Question 2

What are the functions of the sketal system?

Answer 2

1. Protection
2. Support
3. Movement
4. Providing the shape of the body
5. Producing blood
6. Storing minerals

Question 3

How does the skeletal system protect?

Answer 3

The skeletal system help in protect our internal organs
such as :

oThe skull protect the brain and eyes

oThe rib cage protects the heart and lungs

oThe vertebrae protect the spinal cord

Question 4

How does the skeletal system support?

Answer 4

The main function of the skeletal system is to provide
support for our body .

Question 5

How does the skeletal system carry out movement?

Answer 5

Body movement is carried out by the interaction of the muscular and skeletal system *
Muscles are connected to bones by tendons .
Bones are connected together by ligament .
Where Bones meet one another is typically called a joint

Question 6

How does the skeletal system provide the shape of our body?

Answer 6

Without bones our bodies would collapse .

Question 7

How does the skeletal system produce blood?

Answer 7

Blood cells are produced by the marrow . Located in
some bones .

Averages of 206 million RBCs are produced each second
by bone marrow to replace those destroyed by the liver .

Question 8

How does the skeletal system store minerals?

Answer 8

Bones serve as storage area for minerals such as calcium and phosphorus .
When an excess is present in the blood , build up will
occur within the bones .
When the supply of these minerals within the blood is
low , it will be withdrawn from the bones to replenish
the supply .

Question 9

What is the bone composition?

Answer 9

Bones are composed of tissue that may take one of two forms i.e. compact, or
dense and spongy or cancellous bone. Most bones contain both types.
Compact bone is dense, hard and forms the protective exterior portion of all
bones. Spongy bone is in the compact bone and is very porous (full of tiny
holes).
Spongy bones occurs in most bones. The bone tissue is composed of several
types of bone cells embedded in a web of organic salt mostly (calcium and
phosphorous) to give the bone strength, and collagenous fibres and ground
substances to give the flexibility.

Question 10

What is the compact bone?

Answer 10

❑ It is a type of connective tissue

Question 11

What are other tissues found in bones?

Answer 11

❑ Bone marrow
❑ Endosteum
❑ Periosteum
❑ Nerves
❑ Blood vessels
❑ Cartilage

Question 12

What is the human skeleton divided into?

Answer 12

1. The Axial Skeleton
2. The Appendicular Skeleton

Question 13

What is the axial skeleton?

Answer 13

It consist of bones that form the axis of the body ,
support and protect the organs of the head , neck and
trunk .
It consist of :
1. The Skull
2. The vertebral column*
3. The ribs
4. The sternum

Question 14

What is the skull?

Answer 14

It is a bony structure the head in the skeleton, which
supports the structures of the face and forms a
cavity for the brain.
It is the bony frame work of the head . It is comprised
of eight cranial bones and fourteen facial bones.

Question 15

What is the vertebral column?

Answer 15

It consist of about 33 irregular shaped bones called
vertebrae . And they are divided into five groups .
Depending on where there are located in the back
bone .

Question 16

What are the groups of vertebral column?

Answer 16

1- Cervical vertebrae, The back of the neck, 7*

2-Thoracic vertebrae, The back of the chest, 12-13

3-Lumbar vertebrae*, The back of the abdomen,

7at animal
5 at human

4-Sacral vertebrae*, The back of the pelvic, 3-4 at
Childs

5-Coccyx * (tail-bone) (Caudal), The end of the back, 3-5

Question 17

What are the ribs?

Answer 17

3. The Ribs
   They are thin ,flat ,curved bones that form a protective
   cage around the organs in the upper body .
   They are comprised 24 bones arranged in 12 pairs .
   They are divided into three groups .

Question 18

What are true ribs?

Answer 18

i- True ribs :
They are the first seven pairs of the ribs .
They are connected to the back-bone in the back
They are connected in the front directly with sternum

Question 19

What are false ribs?

Answer 19

They are the next three pairs of the ribs .
They are slightly shorter than the true ribs .
They are connected to the back-bone at the back and
not directly connected with sternum in front

Question 20

What are floating ribs?

Answer 20

iii- Floating ribs :
They are the last two sets of the rib bones .
They are smaller than both of true and false ribs
They are attached to the back-bone at the back and not
connected to anything in the front .

Question 21

What is the sternum?

Answer 21

It is a flat , dagger shaped bone located in the middle of
the chest along with the ribs .
It forms the rib cage that protect the heart lung ,and
major blood vessels from damage .

Question 22

What is the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 22

It composed of 126 bones in the human body .
The word appendicular means a part that is joined to
something larger
It consist of :
1. The upper limbs
2. The lower limbs
3. The shoulder girdle
4. The pelvic girdle

Question 23

What are the upper limbs?

Answer 23

It is the region in an animal extending from the deltoid
muscles region to the hand
it consist of :
I. The arm called humerus
II. The fore-arm called radius and ulna
III. The hand

Question 24

What are the lower limbs?

Answer 24

It is the entire lower extremity or limb of the human
body .
it consist of :
I. the thigh called femur
II. the leg called tibia and fibula
III. the foot (hind-limb)

Question 25

What is the shoulder girdle?

Answer 25

It is the set of bones which connects the upper limb to
the axial skeleton on each side .
The shoulder girdle (pectoral girdle) is composed of
four bones :
o Two clavicles
o Two scapulae

Question 26

What is the pelvic girdle?

Answer 26

It is the lower part of the trunk, between the abdomen
and the thighs .
It also called the hip girdle
It is composed of two coxal bones
There is different between the male pelvis and female
pelvis

Question 27

What are the greater and lesser tubercules?

Answer 27

❑ On the lateral side of the humerus, there is an
expanded bony area called the greater tubercle. The
smaller, lesser tubercle of the humerus is found on
the anterior aspect.
❑ Both the greater and lesser tubercles serves as
attachment sites for muscles that act across the
shoulder joint.

Question 28

What are the divisions of bones?

Answer 28

1. Long bones
2. Short bones
3. Irregular bones
4. Flat bone
   5.sesamoid bones

Question 29

What are long bones?

Answer 29

❑ Feature :they are longer than they are wide
❑ Location : in the appendicular skeleton in the upper
limbs and lower limbs
❑ Function : they hold the body weight and facillitate
movement

Question 30

What are the short bones?

Answer 30

feature : they are short, cube shape
Location : in the wrists and in the ankles

Functions:
❑ Their primary function is to provide support and
stability with limited motion

Question 31

What are sesamoid bones?

Answer 31

❑ Features: very small bones and less rounded
❑ Location: embedded in tendons and they can be
found on joints throughout the body
❑ Function: to modify pressure and to diminish friction

Question 32

What are flat bones?

Answer 32

❑ Flat bones are thin and flat bones may be slightly
curved.
❑ Their main function is to either protect your internal
organs or to provide a connection point for your
muscles.
❑ These bones are expanded into broad, flat plates, as
in skull (cranium), pelvis (ilium), sternum and rib
cage.

Question 33

What are irregular bones?

Answer 33

❑ They are all types of bones that do not fall under any
of the previous categories.
❑ They have varied shapes, size , and surface features ,
and include the bone of the vertebrae and few bones
in skull.
❑ They are 33 bones in the body. The spine is the place
in the human body where most irregular bones can
be found.

Question 34

What is OSTEOPOROSIS?

Answer 34

It’s a disease where the density and quality of bone are
reduced. As a result the bone will become more porous
and fragile, so the risk of bone breaking is more.

Causes: ▪ Age▪ Lack of hormones▪ Genetics
▪ Body size▪ Calcium intake
▪ Alcohol
▪ Lack of activity

Symptoms:▪ Back pain
▪ Loss of height over time
▪ Stooped posture
▪ Bone break easily

Treatment:▪ Back pain
▪ Loss of height over time
▪ Stooped posture
▪ Bone break easily

Question 35

What is arthritis?

Answer 35

Arthritis is a joint disorder where inflammation occurs at
the joints
There are many types of arthritis such as:
❑ Gout
❑ Rheumatoid

Question 36

What are the causes of arthritis?

Answer 36

❑ Reduction in normal amount of cartilage tissue
❑ An inflammation or injury to the joints
❑ Attack of the body immune system to the tissues

Question 37

What are the symptoms of arthritis?

Answer 37

❑ Pain
❑ Limited joints function
❑ Joint stiffness
❑ Swelling
❑ Redness
❑ Tenderness in the joints

Question 38

What are the treatments of arthritis?

Answer 38

❑ Surgeries
❑ Home remedies
❑ Medications
❑ Joint injection
❑ Some forms of arthritis involve weight reduction

Question 39

What is scoliosis?

Answer 39

It’s a disorder that causes abnormal curve in the spine or
backbone
Most people with scoliosis live normally, but in severe
scoliosis have unnatural spine curvature.

Question 40

What are the causes of scoliosis?

Answer 40

❑ Birth defect
❑ Childs growth
❑ Aging
❑ Injury
❑ Previous spine surgery

Question 41

What are the symptoms of scoliosis?

Answer 41

❑ One shoulder blade that’s higher than the other
❑ Uneven hips
❑ A rotating spine
❑ Back pain
❑ Problems breathing because of reduced area in the
chest for lungs to expand

Question 42

How can scoliosis be treated?

Answer 42

Treatment depend on severity
❑ Bracing
❑ Surgical operation