Introduction to human biology Flashcards
What is biology?
Is the science of life.
It studies living organisms structurally, functionally and how they interact with their environment.
What are the branches of biology?
anatomy, physiology, embryology, genetics, molecular biology, biochemistry, zoology, botany, microbiology, ecology, entomology.
What is anatomy?
is the study of the basic structure of the body of the
organisms and their parts (Gross Anatomy).
Microscopic anatomy involves the use of optical instruments in the study of the tissues of various structures (Histology), and also in the study of cells (Cytology).
What is physiology?
is the branch of biology that studies the normal
functions of living organisms and their parts.
what is embryology?
is the branch of biology concerned with the
study of organism development from the first cells, (or
embryos).
What is genetics?
the branch of biology that studies inheritance:
how characteristics of the organisms are passed through
generations.
What is molecular biology?
is the study of biology at the molecular level, mainly focusing on DNA, RNA and proteins
What is biochemistry?
is the study of chemicals found in biological systems,
such as carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids, their characteristics and
interactions (or metabolism).
What is zoology?
is the study of animals.
What is botany?
is the branch that studies plants.
what is microbiology?
is the science that studies microorganisms.
What is ecology?
the branch of biology that deals with the relationships of
organisms to one another and to their physical surroundings.
what is entomology??
The study of insects.
What is human biology mainly concerned about?
Is mainly concerned with the structure and function of the human body.
Studying the human body involves the study of the human
anatomy, physiology, nutrition, ecology, genetics and embryology.
What is the organization of the human body?
The human body is organized at different levels, starting with the cell and ending with the entire organism. At each higher level of organization, there is a greater degree of complexity.
Organization steps?
Atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism.
What is the general definition of the cell and how is the human body structured?
The unit of structure and function of the human body is the cell.There are about a 100 trillion cells by the time the average person reaches adulthood.
Similar cells create a tissue, and related tissues make an organ.
A number of organs make an organ system, and the human
body is composed of such systems as the cardiovascular,
digestive, reproductive, endocrine, respiratory, urinary,
musculoskeletal and nervous systems
How are the organelles of cells formed?
Major elements making the human body.
Major biomolecules include water, proteins, carbohydrates,
lipid and nucleic acids.
Aggregates of biomolecules make up the organelles of a cell,
such as ribosomes, membranes, mitochondria, nuclei, etc
What are the cells?
Each cell carries out basic life processes that allow the body to survive.
Human cells are specialized in form and function.
For example, the nerve cells have long projections that help them in
carrying the electrical messages to other cells.
Muscle cells have many mitochondria that provide the energy they need
to move the body.
What are tissues?
A tissue is a group of connected cells that have a
similar function. There are four basic types of human
tissues:
epithelial,
muscular,
nervous, and
connective tissues.
What are organs and organ systems?
An organ is a structure that consists of two or more types of tissues that work together to do the same job.
Human organs are organized into organ systems.
An organ system is a group of organs that work together to carry out a complex overall function.
What is the cardiovascular system’s function and organs?
Heart; blood vessels;
blood
Transports oxygen, hormones,
and nutrients to the body cells.
Moves wastes and carbon
dioxide away from cells.
What is the lymphatic system’s function and organs?
Lymph nodes; lymph
vessels
Defends against infection and
disease, moves lymph between
tissues and the blood stream.
What is the digestive system’s function and organs?
Esophagus; stomach;
small intestine; large
intestine
Digests foods and absorbs
nutrients, minerals, vitamins,
and water.
What is the endocrine system’s function and organs?
Pituitary gland,
hypothalamus;
adrenal glands;
ovaries; testes
Produces hormones that
communicate between cells.
What is the integumentary system’s function and organs?
Skin, hair, nails
Provides protection from
injury and water loss, physical
defense against infection by
microorganisms, and
temperature control.
What is the muscular system’s function and organs?
Cardiac (heart)
muscle; skeletal
muscle; smooth
muscle; tendons
Involved in movement and
heat production.
What is the nervous system’s function and organs?
Brain, spinal cord;
nerves
Collects, transfers, and
processes information.
What is the respiratory system’s function and organs?
Female: uterus;
vagina; fallopian
tubes; ovaries Male:
testes; seminal
vesicles
Produces gametes (sex cells)
and sex hormones.
What is the reproductive system’s function and organs?
Trachea, larynx,
pharynx, lungs
Brings air to sites where gas
exchange can occur between
the blood and cells (around
body) or blood and air (lungs).
What is the skeletal system’s function and organs?
Bones, cartilage;
ligaments
Supports and protects soft
tissues of body; produces
blood cells; stores minerals.
What is the urinary system’s function and organs?
Kidneys; ureters;
urinary bladder
Removes extra water, salts,
and waste products from blood
and body; controls pH;
controls water and salt balance.
What is the immune system’s function and organs?
Bone marrow; spleen;
white blood cells
Defends against diseases.
