Introduction to human biology

Question 1

What is biology?

Answer 1

Is the science of life.

It studies living organisms structurally, functionally and how they interact with their environment.

Question 2

What are the branches of biology?

Answer 2

anatomy, physiology, embryology, genetics, molecular biology, biochemistry, zoology, botany, microbiology, ecology, entomology.

Question 3

What is anatomy?

Answer 3

is the study of the basic structure of the body of the
organisms and their parts (Gross Anatomy).
Microscopic anatomy involves the use of optical instruments in the study of the tissues of various structures (Histology), and also in the study of cells (Cytology).

Question 4

What is physiology?

Answer 4

is the branch of biology that studies the normal
functions of living organisms and their parts.

Question 5

what is embryology?

Answer 5

is the branch of biology concerned with the
study of organism development from the first cells, (or
embryos).

Question 6

What is genetics?

Answer 6

the branch of biology that studies inheritance:
how characteristics of the organisms are passed through
generations.

Question 7

What is molecular biology?

Answer 7

is the study of biology at the molecular level, mainly focusing on DNA, RNA and proteins

Question 8

What is biochemistry?

Answer 8

is the study of chemicals found in biological systems,
such as carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids, their characteristics and
interactions (or metabolism).

Question 9

What is zoology?

Answer 9

is the study of animals.

Question 10

What is botany?

Answer 10

is the branch that studies plants.

Question 11

what is microbiology?

Answer 11

is the science that studies microorganisms.

Question 12

What is ecology?

Answer 12

the branch of biology that deals with the relationships of
organisms to one another and to their physical surroundings.

Question 13

what is entomology??

Answer 13

The study of insects.

Question 14

What is human biology mainly concerned about?

Answer 14

Is mainly concerned with the structure and function of the human body.
Studying the human body involves the study of the human
anatomy, physiology, nutrition, ecology, genetics and embryology.

Question 15

What is the organization of the human body?

Answer 15

The human body is organized at different levels, starting with the cell and ending with the entire organism. At each higher level of organization, there is a greater degree of complexity.

Question 16

Organization steps?

Answer 16

Atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism.

Question 17

What is the general definition of the cell and how is the human body structured?

Answer 17

The unit of structure and function of the human body is the cell.There are about a 100 trillion cells by the time the average person reaches adulthood.

Similar cells create a tissue, and related tissues make an organ.
A number of organs make an organ system, and the human
body is composed of such systems as the cardiovascular,
digestive, reproductive, endocrine, respiratory, urinary,
musculoskeletal and nervous systems

Question 18

How are the organelles of cells formed?

Answer 18

Major elements making the human body.

Major biomolecules include water, proteins, carbohydrates,
lipid and nucleic acids.

Aggregates of biomolecules make up the organelles of a cell,
such as ribosomes, membranes, mitochondria, nuclei, etc

Question 19

What are the cells?

Answer 19

Each cell carries out basic life processes that allow the body to survive.

Human cells are specialized in form and function.

For example, the nerve cells have long projections that help them in
carrying the electrical messages to other cells.

Muscle cells have many mitochondria that provide the energy they need
to move the body.

Question 20

What are tissues?

Answer 20

A tissue is a group of connected cells that have a
similar function. There are four basic types of human
tissues:
epithelial,
muscular,
nervous, and
connective tissues.

Question 21

What are organs and organ systems?

Answer 21

An organ is a structure that consists of two or more types of tissues that work together to do the same job.
Human organs are organized into organ systems.

An organ system is a group of organs that work together to carry out a complex overall function.

Question 22

What is the cardiovascular system’s function and organs?

Answer 22

Heart; blood vessels;
blood

Transports oxygen, hormones,
and nutrients to the body cells.
Moves wastes and carbon
dioxide away from cells.

Question 23

What is the lymphatic system’s function and organs?

Answer 23

Lymph nodes; lymph
vessels

Defends against infection and
disease, moves lymph between
tissues and the blood stream.

Question 24

What is the digestive system’s function and organs?

Answer 24

Esophagus; stomach;
small intestine; large
intestine

Digests foods and absorbs
nutrients, minerals, vitamins,
and water.

Question 25

What is the endocrine system’s function and organs?

Answer 25

Pituitary gland,
hypothalamus;
adrenal glands;
ovaries; testes

Produces hormones that
communicate between cells.

Question 26

What is the integumentary system’s function and organs?

Answer 26

Skin, hair, nails

Provides protection from
injury and water loss, physical
defense against infection by
microorganisms, and
temperature control.

Question 27

What is the muscular system’s function and organs?

Answer 27

Cardiac (heart)
muscle; skeletal
muscle; smooth
muscle; tendons

Involved in movement and
heat production.

Question 28

What is the nervous system’s function and organs?

Answer 28

Brain, spinal cord;
nerves

Collects, transfers, and
processes information.

Question 29

What is the respiratory system’s function and organs?

Answer 29

Female: uterus;
vagina; fallopian
tubes; ovaries Male:
testes; seminal
vesicles

Produces gametes (sex cells)
and sex hormones.

Question 30

What is the reproductive system’s function and organs?

Answer 30

Trachea, larynx,
pharynx, lungs

Brings air to sites where gas
exchange can occur between
the blood and cells (around
body) or blood and air (lungs).

Question 31

What is the skeletal system’s function and organs?

Answer 31

Bones, cartilage;
ligaments

Supports and protects soft
tissues of body; produces
blood cells; stores minerals.

Question 32

What is the urinary system’s function and organs?

Answer 32

Kidneys; ureters;
urinary bladder

Removes extra water, salts,
and waste products from blood
and body; controls pH;
controls water and salt balance.

Question 33

What is the immune system’s function and organs?

Answer 33

Bone marrow; spleen;
white blood cells

Defends against diseases.