Human biology Flashcards
Cell + cell gives?
tissue
tissue + tissue gives?
organ
organ + organ gives?
organ system
What is a tissue and what are their types?
Tissue is a group of cells
cemented(found) together to do
specific function.
1.Epithelial tissues.
2.Connective tissues.
3.Muscular tissues.
4.Nervous tissues.
What are epithelial tissues?
Features
Always found covering a
surface.
Cells are rest on basement
membrane.
Substances between the cells
are few in amount.
What are the types of epitheliel tissues?
simple e.t., pseudo compound cilitated e.t., compound e.t., simple squamous e.t., compound squamous e.t., columnar e.t., cuboidal e.t.
What is a simple epithelial tissue?
It consist one layer of cells
What is a compound epitheliel tissue?
It consist more than one layer of
cells
What are simple squamous epithelia tissues?
Location: Wall of the digestive
system
Function: Protection
What are cuboidal epithelial tissue?
Location: Glands, kidney
Function: Secretion
What are columnar epithelial tissue?
Location: Glands of stomach, villi of
small intestine
Function: Absorption
What are compound squamous epithelial tissue?
Location: Skin, esophagus
Function: Protection
What are pseudo ciliated epithelial tissues?
Location: Nose, trachea
Function: Protection against dust particles
and germs.
What is the connective tissue?
Features:-
.Not covering surfaces.
.Not rest on abasement membrane.
.Substances between the cells are large
in amount
What are the types of connective tissue?
Proper
connective
tissue: Fats
Vascular
connective
tissue: Blood
Skeletal
connective
tissue: Bone
What is the proper connective tissue first class?
- Adipose connective tissue
Location: under skin
Function: energy storage,
insulation, shock absorber
What is the proper connective tissue second class?
- Elastic connective tissue
Location: Lungs, Blood vessels
Vocal cords
Function: Elasticity
What are the proper connective tissue third class?
- Fibrous connective tissue
Location: Tendons
Function: Connect between
muscles and bones
What is the proper connective tissue fourth class?
- Reticular connective tissue
Location: Spleen, Liver, Bone
marrow
Function: Connection
What are the vascular connective tissues?
.Blood cells
.White blood cells (WBCs)
.Red blood cells (RBCs)
. Blood platelets
What are white blood cells?
The biggest one of the blood
cells.
Called white because it lack of
the haemoglobin pigment.
It has a nucleus with many
shapes due to the nucleus
shape we have five types of
wbcs
Where are wbcs produced and what is their count?
The bone marrow produced
the new cells
Normal count 4000-11000
Count of wbcs help us at
diagnosis of diseases
What are cases of diagnosis of wbcs count?
- If the patient with total
higher than the maximum
count (12000) this patient may
have flu - If the patient with highest
total(90000) this patient may
have blood cancer (luekemia)
. If the patient with total lower
than the minimum
count(1000) this patient may
have Aids (HIV) or typhoid
fever
What is the location and general function of wbcs?
Location: Blood
Function: Defense mechanism
What are the features of rbcs?
- Smaller than WBCS
- Has disc biconcave shape
- Enucleated cells
- Life span 90-120 day
- Dead cells goes to spleen
and liver - Bone marrow produce the
new cells - It has a haemoglobin
pigment
What is the location and general function of the rbcs?
Location: Blood
Function: Gaseous exchange
What are blood platelets?
Location: Blood
Function: Clotting factors
What are the types of skelatal tissue?
Bone Osteiocyte Bone cell
Cartilage Chondrocyte Cartilage cell
What is the description for bones?
Compact bone
Location: Skeletal system
Function: Allow movement,
protection, support,
attachment, give the body its
shape, mineral storage (ca),
produce blood cells
What is the first type of cartilage?
Hyaline cartilage
Location: Trachea
Function: Keep air pathway
open always
What is the second type of cartilage?
Elastic cartilage
Location: Nose , Ear pinnae
Function: Elasticity
What is the third type of cartilage?
Fibro- cartilage
Location: Between tendons
and bones and between bone
and bone
Function: Allow movement
What links these three types of cartilage?
Hyaline cartilage: ground substance
Fibrous cartilage:
ground substance with non elastic collagen fibres.
Elastic cartilage: ground substance with yellow elastic fibres
What are types of muscular tissue?
Smooth
muscles
Skeletal
muscles
Cardiac
muscles
What are smooth muscles?
Location: Wall of the digestive
system
Function: Allow movement
What are skeletal muscles?
Skeletal muscles
Location: Skeletal system
Function: Allow movement
What are cardiac muscles?
Location: Wall of the heart
Function: Help in blood
pumping
What is the nervous tissue?
Location: Nervous system
Function: Take nerve impulses
