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Human biology Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cell + cell gives?

A

tissue

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2
Q

tissue + tissue gives?

A

organ

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3
Q

organ + organ gives?

A

organ system

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4
Q

What is a tissue and what are their types?

A

Tissue is a group of cells
cemented(found) together to do
specific function.
1.Epithelial tissues.

2.Connective tissues.

3.Muscular tissues.

4.Nervous tissues.

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5
Q

What are epithelial tissues?

A

Features

Always found covering a
surface.

Cells are rest on basement
membrane.

Substances between the cells
are few in amount.

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6
Q

What are the types of epitheliel tissues?

A

simple e.t., pseudo compound cilitated e.t., compound e.t., simple squamous e.t., compound squamous e.t., columnar e.t., cuboidal e.t.

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7
Q

What is a simple epithelial tissue?

A

It consist one layer of cells

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8
Q

What is a compound epitheliel tissue?

A

It consist more than one layer of
cells

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9
Q

What are simple squamous epithelia tissues?

A

Location: Wall of the digestive
system

Function: Protection

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10
Q

What are cuboidal epithelial tissue?

A

Location: Glands, kidney

Function: Secretion

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11
Q

What are columnar epithelial tissue?

A

Location: Glands of stomach, villi of
small intestine

Function: Absorption

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12
Q

What are compound squamous epithelial tissue?

A

Location: Skin, esophagus

Function: Protection

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13
Q

What are pseudo ciliated epithelial tissues?

A

Location: Nose, trachea

Function: Protection against dust particles
and germs.

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14
Q

What is the connective tissue?

A

Features:-

.Not covering surfaces.

.Not rest on abasement membrane.

.Substances between the cells are large
in amount

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15
Q

What are the types of connective tissue?

A

Proper
connective
tissue: Fats

Vascular
connective
tissue: Blood

Skeletal
connective
tissue: Bone

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16
Q

What is the proper connective tissue first class?

A
  1. Adipose connective tissue

Location: under skin

Function: energy storage,
insulation, shock absorber

17
Q

What is the proper connective tissue second class?

A
  1. Elastic connective tissue

Location: Lungs, Blood vessels
Vocal cords

Function: Elasticity

18
Q

What are the proper connective tissue third class?

A
  1. Fibrous connective tissue

Location: Tendons

Function: Connect between
muscles and bones

19
Q

What is the proper connective tissue fourth class?

A
  1. Reticular connective tissue

Location: Spleen, Liver, Bone

marrow
Function: Connection

20
Q

What are the vascular connective tissues?

A

.Blood cells

.White blood cells (WBCs)

.Red blood cells (RBCs)

. Blood platelets

21
Q

What are white blood cells?

A

The biggest one of the blood
cells.

Called white because it lack of
the haemoglobin pigment.

It has a nucleus with many
shapes due to the nucleus
shape we have five types of
wbcs

22
Q

Where are wbcs produced and what is their count?

A

The bone marrow produced
the new cells

Normal count 4000-11000

Count of wbcs help us at
diagnosis of diseases

23
Q

What are cases of diagnosis of wbcs count?

A
  1. If the patient with total
    higher than the maximum
    count (12000) this patient may
    have flu
  2. If the patient with highest
    total(90000) this patient may
    have blood cancer (luekemia)

. If the patient with total lower
than the minimum
count(1000) this patient may
have Aids (HIV) or typhoid
fever

24
Q

What is the location and general function of wbcs?

A

Location: Blood

Function: Defense mechanism

25
Q

What are the features of rbcs?

A
  1. Smaller than WBCS
  2. Has disc biconcave shape
  3. Enucleated cells
  4. Life span 90-120 day
  5. Dead cells goes to spleen
    and liver
  6. Bone marrow produce the
    new cells
  7. It has a haemoglobin
    pigment
26
Q

What is the location and general function of the rbcs?

A

Location: Blood

Function: Gaseous exchange

27
Q

What are blood platelets?

A

Location: Blood

Function: Clotting factors

28
Q

What are the types of skelatal tissue?

A

Bone Osteiocyte Bone cell

Cartilage Chondrocyte Cartilage cell

29
Q

What is the description for bones?

A

Compact bone

Location: Skeletal system

Function: Allow movement,
protection, support,
attachment, give the body its
shape, mineral storage (ca),
produce blood cells

30
Q

What is the first type of cartilage?

A

Hyaline cartilage

Location: Trachea

Function: Keep air pathway
open always

31
Q

What is the second type of cartilage?

A

Elastic cartilage
Location: Nose , Ear pinnae

Function: Elasticity

32
Q

What is the third type of cartilage?

A

Fibro- cartilage

Location: Between tendons
and bones and between bone
and bone

Function: Allow movement

33
Q

What links these three types of cartilage?

A

Hyaline cartilage: ground substance

Fibrous cartilage:
ground substance with non elastic collagen fibres.

Elastic cartilage: ground substance with yellow elastic fibres

34
Q

What are types of muscular tissue?

A

Smooth
muscles

Skeletal
muscles

Cardiac
muscles

35
Q

What are smooth muscles?

A

Location: Wall of the digestive
system

Function: Allow movement

36
Q

What are skeletal muscles?

A

Skeletal muscles

Location: Skeletal system

Function: Allow movement

37
Q

What are cardiac muscles?

A

Location: Wall of the heart

Function: Help in blood
pumping

38
Q

What is the nervous tissue?

A

Location: Nervous system

Function: Take nerve impulses

Biology (15 decks)

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