Digestive system

Question 1

What are nutrients broken down for?

Answer 1

energy, growth, and repair.

Question 2

What are the functions of the digestive system?

Answer 2

1.INGEST FOOD.

2.BREAKDOWNFOODINTONUTRIENT MOLECULES.

3. ABSORB MOLECULES INTOBLOODSTREAM .

4.RIDTHE BODYOF INDIGESTIBLEREMAINS.

Question 3

What are enzymes and what is their function?

Answer 3

Enzymes are biological catalysts that facilitate the chemical breakdown of complex
molecules into simpler ones, a process known as catabolism. They speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy needed, which is crucial for digestion and metabolism.

Question 4

How do enzymes work?

Answer 4

Each enzyme is specific to its substrate, ensuring efficient and
controlled reactions. By aiding in these breakdown processes, enzymes help the body extract and utilize nutrients for energy and essential functions.

Question 5

What other function do enzymes serve?

Answer 5

Synthesis reactions. In synthesis reactions, enzymes help build complex molecules from
simpler ones, a process critical for growth, repair, and maintaining cellular functions. Important to make new molecules.

Question 6

Function of mouth:

Answer 6

turns food into smaller pieces with the help of saliva and teeth.

Question 7

Function of Trachea:

Answer 7

connects mouth to stomach.

Question 8

Function of stomach:

Answer 8

churns food and mixes it with grastic juice.

Question 9

Function of small intestine:

Answer 9

digests nutrients and absorbs fats, carbohydrates, proteins.

Question 10

Function of large intestine:

Answer 10

absorbs mostly water and salts, leaving a substance called stool.

Question 11

Function of rectum:

Answer 11

temporarily stores stool.

Question 12

Function of anus:

Answer 12

where stool leaves the body.

Question 13

Digestion in small intestine:

Answer 13

Most nutrient absorption happens here, particularly in the middle (jejunum) and end sections (ileum). This is where nutrients from digested food enter the bloodstream or lymphatic system to be distributed throughout the body.

Question 14

Digestion in large intestineL

Answer 14

Mainly absorbs water, some minerals, and vitamins produced by gut bacteria. This helps solidify waste and keeps the body hydrated.

Question 15

Digestion in villi:

Answer 15

• THEWALLSOF THE SMALL INTESTINE ARE LINEDWITHVILLI
  SMALL, FINGER-LIKE PROJECTIONS COVEREDWITH MICROVILLI.

-These structures increase the
surface area for absorption,
allowing more nutrients to be
absorbed efficiently.

Question 16

Carbohydrate absorbtion:

Answer 16

Carbohydrates are broken down into simple sugars (like glucose) by enzymes in the small intestine.

Absorption: These sugars are absorbed through the walls of the small intestine and go straight into the bloodstream to provide energy.

Question 17

Protein absorption:

Answer 17

Proteins are broken down into amino acids by stomach enzymes and further enzymes in the small intestine.

Absorption: Amino acids are absorbed through the small intestine and enter the bloodstream, where they are used for growth, repair, and building body proteins.

Question 18

Fat absorption:

Answer 18

Fats are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol by bile (from the liver) and enzymes in the small intestine.

Absorption: Fatty acids and glycerol are absorbed into tiny lymph vessels in the small intestine (called lacteals) and eventually enter the bloodstream.

Question 19

Vitamin absorption:

Answer 19

Fat-Soluble Vitamins (A, D, E, K): These are absorbed along with fats. Water-Soluble Vitamins and Minerals: These go directly into the bloodstream through the small intestine.

Question 20

What is the location of absorbed nutrients?

Answer 20

• Absorbed nutrients either enter the bloodstream or the lymphatic system. The blood carries these nutrients to the liver, which processes and distributes them throughout the body for use.

Question 21

Fat digestion in detail:

Answer 21

A bit in the small stomach, then in the small intestine: gets broken by bile from the liver and then by lipase which turn it into amino acids then enter the bloodstream.

Question 22

Protein digestion in detail:

Answer 22

Stomach: Protein digestion starts with an enzyme called pepsin that breaks proteins into smaller pieces.
Small Intestine: More enzymes(like trypsin)
break proteins down further into amino acids. These amino acids are absorbed and
go into the blood stream to be used by the body.

Question 23

What is a biome?

Answer 23

A biome is a distinct ecosystem characterized by its environment and its
inhabitants.

Question 24

What is your gut?

Answer 24

Your gut — inside your intestines — is a miniature biome, populated by trillions of microscopic organisms. These microorganisms include over a thousand species of bacteria, as well as viruses, fungi and parasites.

Question 25

Importance of gut microbiome?

Answer 25

Most of the microorganisms in our guts have a symbiotic
relationship with us. Our health is directly proportional to theirs, which means they have a big impact on it and that we need them to survive.

Question 26

Function of gut microbiome?

Answer 26

Your gut microbiome interacts with many of your
body systems and assists with many body functions.
It plays such an active role in your body that some
healthcare providers have described it as being almost like an organ itself.

Question 27

Function of bacteria in gut:

Answer 27

break down of carbohydrates and dietery fibers producing short chain fatty acids that feed the cells in your gut lining and keep your digestive environment healthy. It also metabolizes bile for fat digestion. It helps with reabsorption and recylcing.

Question 28

What happens if bile metabolization fails?

Answer 28

The liver cannot produce more bile leading to poor fat digestion and a possible buildup of cholestrol which causes various diseases.

Question 29

Digestive system problems:

Answer 29

GASTROSOPHAGEALREFLUX, bile duct obstruction, irritable bowel syndrome, lactose intolerance.

Question 30

GASTROSOPHAGEAL REFLUX:

Answer 30

This usually happens after you ’ve had a large meal and lay down. This makes the sphincter muscle at the lower end of the esophagus relaxes at the wrong time, allowing the stomach acid to back up into the esophagus

Question 31

bile duct obstruction:

Answer 31

This occurs when there is a blockage in the bile ducts which are the channels that carry bile
from the liver and the gallbladder to the small intestines

Question 32

irritable bowel syndrome:

Answer 32

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common, chronic gastrointestinal disorder that affects the large intestine, causing a range of symptoms without visible signs of damage or disease in the digestive tract. While it’s not life-threatening, IBS can significantly impact quality of life.

Question 33

lactose intolerance:

Answer 33

lactose intolerance is a common digestive disorder where the body cannot properly digest lactose, a sugar found in milk and dairy products. This is due to a deficiency in lactase, the enzyme responsible for breaking down lactose into simpler sugars for absorption.

Question 34

Ways to reduce or prevent digestive issues:

Answer 34

-Eat mindfully.
-Eat more fibers.
-Exercise
-Unnecessary consumption of alcohol
-Drinking lots of water
-Quality sleep