Respiratory system

Question 1

What is respiration?

Answer 1

Respiration is the process of metabolizing nutrients,
making energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and releasing waste products.

Question 2

What does the respiratory system do?

Answer 2

The respiratory system is responsible for the exchange of gases in the body. It includes organs which work together to bring oxygen into the body and remove carbon dioxide. This process is essential for cellular respiration and providing the body with the oxygen it needs to function properly.

Question 3

What does the nasal cavity do?

Answer 3

Air enters through the nostrils
where it is filtered, warmed, and humidified. The nasal cavity is lined with mucous membranes and tiny hairs (cilia) that trap dust and pathogens.

Question 4

What does the pharynx do?

Answer 4

This is a muscular tube that
connects the nasal cavity to the larynx and the esophagus . It serves as a passageway for
both respiratory and digestive functions

Question 5

What does the larynx do?

Answer 5

Also known as the voice box, the larynx contains the vocal cords and is responsible for sound production. It also acts
as a passageway for air between the pharynx
and trachea.

Question 6

What does the trachea do?

Answer 6

Commonly referred to as the windpipe, the trachea is a tube that extends from the larynx
and branches into the bronchi. It is lined with cilia and mucus to trap particles and debris

Question 7

What does the bronchi do?

Answer 7

The trachea divides into two
main bronchi (left and right) that lead to each lung. These further branch into smaller bronchioles within the lungs.

Question 8

What does the lungs do?

Answer 8

The primary organs of respiration, the lungs are
responsible for gas exchange. They contain millions of
tiny air sacs called alveoli, where oxygen is absorbed into
the blood and carbon dioxide is expelled. It’s also surrounded by the pleura, which aids in lung
expansion and contraction.

Question 9

What does the alveoli do?

Answer 9

These small, balloon-like structures are the site of gas exchange. They are surrounded by capillaries that facilitate the
transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Question 10

What does the diaphragm do?

Answer 10

This dome-shaped muscle sits beneath the lungs and plays a crucial role in breathing. When it contracts, it creates a vacuum
that draws air into the lungs; when it relaxes, it helps
push air out.

Question 11

Respiratory system functions?

Answer 11

gas exchange, regulation of blood ph, protection against harmful substances, sound and speech production, sense of smell, thermoregulation.

Question 12

Gas exchange in respiratory systems?

Answer 12

The primary function of the respiratory system is to take in oxygen and expel carbon dioxide. This gas exchange occurs in the alveoli in the lungs.

Question 13

Regulation of blood ph in respiratory systems?

Answer 13

By controlling the levels of
carbon dioxide in the blood, the respiratory system helps maintain a balanced pH level, which is crucial for normal cellular functions.

Question 14

Protection in respiratory systems?

Answer 14

The respiratory
system filters out dust, pathogens, and other pollutants through mechanisms like mucus production and cilia movement in the nasal passages and respiratory tract.

Question 15

Speech and sound production in respiratory systems?

Answer 15

The movement of air through the larynx (voice box) enables sound production, essential for speech and vocalization.

Question 16

Sense of smell in respiratory systems?

Answer 16

The respiratory system, particularly the nasal
passages, houses olfactory receptors that detect smells, playing a role in taste and scent recognition.

Question 17

Thermoregulation in respiratory systems?

Answer 17

Through the process of breathing, the body can release or retain heat, helping regulate internal body temperature to some extent.

Question 18

What is the mechanism of breathing?

Answer 18

As we inhale, the rib cage expands and the diaphragm gets pushed down(contracts). As we exhale, the rib cage shrinks and the diaphragm is pulled upwards (relaxes).

Question 19

Gas exchange mechanism?

Answer 19

Air enters alveolus. Oxygen diffuses inside, CO2 diffuses outside. Oxygen is transported in red blood cells.

Question 20

What is asthma?

Answer 20

Is a condition where the airway narrow and swell and may reduce extra mucus this condition triggers a shortness/difficulty of breath and wheezing sound In breath

Question 21

What causes asthma?

Answer 21

• smoking
• Pollution
• Negative use of medication like painkillers and ibuprofen
• And sudden change in temperature

Question 22

What is a whooping cough?

Answer 22

Or also known as pertussis is a very contagious respiratory illness that is caused by a bacteria called bordetella pertussis, this bacteria releases poison that attacks the cilia in the upper respiratory system
making them swallow and cause difficulty in breathing.
-It mainly affects babies younger than 6 months old who aren’t yet fully protected by immunizations

Question 23

What are the symptoms of whooping cough and how can it be treated?

Answer 23

-Sneezing-Nasal discharge-Fever-Sore, watery eyes-Lips, tongue, and nailbeds may turn blue during coughing spells. But most importantly a violent cough that take all the air from the body forcing the
person to inhale making a whooping sound.
-The disease get spread in a various way and is prevent by a vaccine at 6 weeks and 4,6and 18 month and
adults may take a vaccine once every 10 years.

Question 24

What is tuberculosis and how does it get spread?

Answer 24

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease which rapidly destroy the lung tissue (necrosis) and is caused by a bacteria called mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Tuberculosis can be spread by air(cough-sneezing).
Tuberculosis spreads easily where people gather in crowds or where people live in crowded
conditions.

Question 25

Which group of people are more likely to catch tuberculosis?

Answer 25

weakened immune systems have a higher risk of catching tuberculosis than people with typical immune systems.
About a quarter of the global population is estimated to have been infected with TB bacteria and in 2022 about 1.3 million people died from tb.

Question 26

What are the symptoms of tuberculosis and how can it be treated?

Answer 26

The symptoms of tb include weight loss-loss of appetite and fever and those symptoms last more than 3 weeks.
Tuberculosis is treatable by antibiotics like isoniazid and rifampin.