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Biology > THE CELL > Flashcards

THE CELL Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the definition of the cell?

A

A cell is the basic smallest unit of biology.

Cell is the structural and functional of units

of all organism.

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2
Q

What is the cell theory?

A
  • All living things are made of cells.
  • Smallest living unit of structure and function of
    all organisms is the cell
  • All cells arise from pre-existing cells.
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3
Q

What is cell diversity?

A

Every cells within the same organism show enormous
diversity in size, shape, and internal organization.

Your body contains at least 200 Different cell type.

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4
Q

What are features shared between different cells?

A

Its has:
1. Nucleus or
nucleoid.

  1. Plasma membrane.
  2. Cytoplasm.
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5
Q

What are the two main cell differentiations?

A

Eukaryotes

Eu = true karyon = nucleus
* Nucleus contain nuclear material
enclosed within a double membrane
(nuclear envelope)
* Cell membrane
* Cytoplasm.
* Organelles.
* Larger in size.
* E.g. plants and animals.

Prokaryotes
Pro = before (beginning)
* Nucleoid contain nuclear material
without nuclear envelopes.
* Cell membrane.
* Cytoplasm
* Ribosomes
* Smaller in size.
* E.g. bacteria

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6
Q

What do eukaryotic animal cells contain?

A
  1. Cell membrane.
  2. Cytoplasm.
  3. Cytosol.
  4. The nucleus.
  5. endoplasmic reticulum.
  6. Ribosomes
  7. Golgi complexes
  8. Mitochondria.
  9. Peroxisomes
  10. Lysosomes
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7
Q

What is the cell membrane?

A

Location:
Outer membrane of cell.
Functions:
1. Protects the cell
2. Selectively permeable:
controls what enters
and leaves the cell.

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8
Q

What is the cytoplasm?

A

Everything in a cell except
the nucleus is cytoplasm
Location:
Surrounded by cell
membrane
Constituents:
1. Cytosol.
2. Organelles.

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9
Q

What is the cytosol?

A

Location:
Surrounded by cell
membrane

structure:
Aqueous cell contents

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10
Q

What is the nuclues?

A

Location:
inside the cell, near the
center.
one per cell
Functions:
1. Control center of the
cell.
2. Contains the genetic
information( DNA).

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11
Q

What are chromosomes?

A

Location:
inside the nucleus
Function:
Makes ribosomes

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12
Q

What is the endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Location:
Extension of the outer layer of nuclear membrane
Function: Transportation system.
Structure:
Two types:
Rough ER:
contains ribosomes
Function:
Producing protein
Smooth ER:
ribosome free.
Functions:
poison detoxification
producing lipids and cholesterol

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13
Q

What are ribosomes?

A

Location:
Found attached to rough
ER or floating free in
cytosol
Function:
Site of protein synthesis.
(Protein factory of the
cell)

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14
Q

What are golgi complexes?

A

Location:

Stack of membrane-
enclosed sacs.

Looks like a stack of plates
Function:
1. packages, modifies, and
transports materials to
different location
inside/outside of the
cell

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15
Q

What are mitochondria?

A

Location:

in cytoplasm

Functions:

power house of the cell
contains:
1. outer mitochondrial
membrane.
2. inner membrane.
3. fluid in the center
forms the matrix.
4. Contains its own
DNA.

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16
Q

what are lysomes?

A

Location:
Cytoplasm.
Function:
1. Garbage disposal of
the cell
2. Contain digestive
enzymes that break
down wastes

17
Q

What are peroxisomes?

A

Location:
in cytoplasm
Functions:
Breaks down H2O2
Synthesizes H2O2 when needed

18
Q

What do the eukaryotic plant cells contain?

A
  1. Cell membrane.
  2. Cytoplasm.
  3. Cytosol.
  4. The nucleus.
  5. endoplasmic reticulum.
  6. Ribosomes
  7. Golgi complexes
  8. Mitochondria.
  9. Peroxisomes
  10. Lysosomes
  11. Cell wall.
  12. Chloroplasts.
  13. Vacuoles
  14. granules or droplets.
19
Q

What is the cell wall?

A

Found in plant cells
Location:
outside of the cell membrane
Function:
* Protects the cell from
harmful external influences
* Helps the cell keep its shape
* Prevents the cell from
absorbing too much water.
Structure:
cellulose (fiber)

20
Q

What are chloroplasts?

A

Location:
found in plant cells
Contains green
chlorophyll
Function:
Where photosynthesis
takes place, Site of food
(glucose) production

21
Q

What are vacuoles?

A
  • Membrane-bound sacs for

storage, digestion, and

waste removal

  • Contains water solution
  • Help plants maintain shape
22
Q

What is the cytoskeletion?

A

Structure: is made of a network of protein fibers, filaments, and
tubules. They attach to special proteins on the interior
surface of the plasma membrane forming a semisolid
region called a gel.

▪ Provides, support and movement for a cell and its

organelles.

▪ controlled shapes of cells.

23
Q

What is cilia and flagella?

A

Each cilia (or flagella) is a circular series of
9 pairs of microtubules (often containing an
additional central pair of tubules)
surrounded by a long slender sheath of
plasma membrane.

Cilia and flagella are used primarily by animal
cells for movement. Flagella are larger single
versions of cilia. Cilia are short but numerous
compared to flagella.

Biology (15 decks)

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