THE CELL

Question 1

What is the definition of the cell?

Answer 1

A cell is the basic smallest unit of biology.

Cell is the structural and functional of units

of all organism.

Question 2

What is the cell theory?

Answer 2

• All living things are made of cells.
• Smallest living unit of structure and function of
  all organisms is the cell
• All cells arise from pre-existing cells.

Question 3

What is cell diversity?

Answer 3

Every cells within the same organism show enormous
diversity in size, shape, and internal organization.

Your body contains at least 200 Different cell type.

Question 4

What are features shared between different cells?

Answer 4

Its has:
1. Nucleus or
nucleoid.

2. Plasma membrane.
3. Cytoplasm.

Question 5

What are the two main cell differentiations?

Answer 5

Eukaryotes

Eu = true karyon = nucleus
* Nucleus contain nuclear material
enclosed within a double membrane
(nuclear envelope)
* Cell membrane
* Cytoplasm.
* Organelles.
* Larger in size.
* E.g. plants and animals.

Prokaryotes
Pro = before (beginning)
* Nucleoid contain nuclear material
without nuclear envelopes.
* Cell membrane.
* Cytoplasm
* Ribosomes
* Smaller in size.
* E.g. bacteria

Question 6

What do eukaryotic animal cells contain?

Answer 6

1. Cell membrane.
2. Cytoplasm.
3. Cytosol.
4. The nucleus.
5. endoplasmic reticulum.
6. Ribosomes
7. Golgi complexes
8. Mitochondria.
9. Peroxisomes
10. Lysosomes

Question 7

What is the cell membrane?

Answer 7

Location:
Outer membrane of cell.
Functions:
1. Protects the cell
2. Selectively permeable:
controls what enters
and leaves the cell.

Question 8

What is the cytoplasm?

Answer 8

Everything in a cell except
the nucleus is cytoplasm
Location:
Surrounded by cell
membrane
Constituents:
1. Cytosol.
2. Organelles.

Question 9

What is the cytosol?

Answer 9

Location:
Surrounded by cell
membrane

structure:
Aqueous cell contents

Question 10

What is the nuclues?

Answer 10

Location:
inside the cell, near the
center.
one per cell
Functions:
1. Control center of the
cell.
2. Contains the genetic
information( DNA).

Question 11

What are chromosomes?

Answer 11

Location:
inside the nucleus
Function:
Makes ribosomes

Question 12

What is the endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 12

Location:
Extension of the outer layer of nuclear membrane
Function: Transportation system.
Structure:
Two types:
Rough ER:
contains ribosomes
Function:
Producing protein
Smooth ER:
ribosome free.
Functions:
poison detoxification
producing lipids and cholesterol

Question 13

What are ribosomes?

Answer 13

Location:
Found attached to rough
ER or floating free in
cytosol
Function:
Site of protein synthesis.
(Protein factory of the
cell)

Question 14

What are golgi complexes?

Answer 14

Location:

Stack of membrane-
enclosed sacs.

Looks like a stack of plates
Function:
1. packages, modifies, and
transports materials to
different location
inside/outside of the
cell

Question 15

What are mitochondria?

Answer 15

Location:

in cytoplasm

Functions:

power house of the cell
contains:
1. outer mitochondrial
membrane.
2. inner membrane.
3. fluid in the center
forms the matrix.
4. Contains its own
DNA.

Question 16

what are lysomes?

Answer 16

Location:
Cytoplasm.
Function:
1. Garbage disposal of
the cell
2. Contain digestive
enzymes that break
down wastes

Question 17

What are peroxisomes?

Answer 17

Location:
in cytoplasm
Functions:
Breaks down H2O2
Synthesizes H2O2 when needed

Question 18

What do the eukaryotic plant cells contain?

Answer 18

1. Cell membrane.
2. Cytoplasm.
3. Cytosol.
4. The nucleus.
5. endoplasmic reticulum.
6. Ribosomes
7. Golgi complexes
8. Mitochondria.
9. Peroxisomes
10. Lysosomes
11. Cell wall.
12. Chloroplasts.
13. Vacuoles
14. granules or droplets.

Question 19

What is the cell wall?

Answer 19

Found in plant cells
Location:
outside of the cell membrane
Function:
* Protects the cell from
harmful external influences
* Helps the cell keep its shape
* Prevents the cell from
absorbing too much water.
Structure:
cellulose (fiber)

Question 20

What are chloroplasts?

Answer 20

Location:
found in plant cells
Contains green
chlorophyll
Function:
Where photosynthesis
takes place, Site of food
(glucose) production

Question 21

What are vacuoles?

Answer 21

• Membrane-bound sacs for

storage, digestion, and

waste removal

• Contains water solution
• Help plants maintain shape

Question 22

What is the cytoskeletion?

Answer 22

Structure: is made of a network of protein fibers, filaments, and
tubules. They attach to special proteins on the interior
surface of the plasma membrane forming a semisolid
region called a gel.

▪ Provides, support and movement for a cell and its

organelles.

▪ controlled shapes of cells.

Question 23

What is cilia and flagella?

Answer 23

Each cilia (or flagella) is a circular series of
9 pairs of microtubules (often containing an
additional central pair of tubules)
surrounded by a long slender sheath of
plasma membrane.

Cilia and flagella are used primarily by animal
cells for movement. Flagella are larger single
versions of cilia. Cilia are short but numerous
compared to flagella.