The Endocrine system

Question 1

Endocrine system

Answer 1

consists of glands which produce hormones
* key gland is the pituitary gland (located in the brain) which controls the release of hormones from all other endocrine glands

Question 2

Key endocrine glands

Answer 2

• thyroid
• adrenal medulla
• ovaries
• pineal
• adrenal cortex
• testes

Question 3

Thyroid

Answer 3

• releases thyroxine
• regulates the bodys metabolic rate
• (increases heart rate and metabolic rates)

Question 4

Adrenal medulla

Answer 4

• adrenaline and noradrenaline
• fight or flight response
• increases heart rate, blood flow to the brain and muscles
• releases stored glucose and fats

Question 5

Ovaries

Answer 5

• releases oestrogen
• regulation of the female reproductive system, menustral cycle and growth muscle

Question 6

Pineal

Answer 6

• Melatonin
• Biological rhythms e.g. sleep-wake cycle

Question 7

Adrenal cortex

Answer 7

• gluccocorticoids e.g. cortisone, cortisol and corticosterone
• further release of glucose and fats stored for energy expenditure
• suppression of immune system and inflammatory
  response

Question 8

Testes

Answer 8

• androgens and testosterone
• development of male secondary sexual characteristics at puberty
• promotes muscle mass and muscle growth

Question 9

Fight or flight response

Answer 9

• adrenal medulla produces adrenaline and neurotransmitters
• nervous and endocrine system work together to produce the response
• when threatened by danger, the 2 systems work together to produce a fast response
• response needs to be rapid, nervous system involved in sending messages for adrenaline to be produced by adrenal glands
• ANS activates the symapthetic nervous system, after being activated by the nervous sytem so adrenaline is released
• when threat is over the parasympathetic nervous system is activated and thats when heart rate and breathing calms down