Self-report Techniques

Question 1

What are Open ended questions?

Answer 1

An extended answer where participants can go into lots of detail (elaboration)
This collects *qualitative data *

Question 2

What are Closed ended questions?

Answer 2

Participants can only give fixed answers e.g ‘yes or no’ (restriction)
This collects quantitative data

Question 3

What are the 4 types of Self-report methods?

Answer 3

1) Questionnaires
2) Structured Interviews
3) Unstructured Interviews
4) Semi-structured Interviews

Question 4

Describe and Evaluate **Questionnaires **

Answer 4

Respondents record answers to pre-set lists of questions usually concerning behaviour, attitudes and opinions
* Through post or in person
* Mixture of open and closed questions (mainly closed)
+ Easy to analyse
+ Can be distributed to large numbers of people (cheap + quick)
- Low response rate
- Social desirablility response bias

Question 5

Describe and Evaluate Structured interviews

Answer 5

Standard pre-set list of closed questions read to participants with interviewer writing down answers (face-to-face)
* It has an interview scheduele (pre-planned questions)
+ High in reliabilty as its easy to replicate
+ Quick and cheap
- No flexibility to elaborate
- Costs

Question 6

Describe and Evaluate **Unstructured Interviews **

Answer 6

An *informal discussion on a particular topic (conversation) *and interviews can ask follow up questions
+ Flexibility to elaborate on answers
+ Researcher can ease misunderstandings
- Requires interviewer training, cost
- Difficult to analyse
- Increased interviewer and social desirablity bias

Question 7

Describe and Evaluate **Semi-structured interviews **

Answer 7

Combining stuctured and unstructure technique producing qualititaive and quantitative
+ Researcher can ease misunderstanderings
+ Flexibility to elaborate on answers
+ Costs
- Investigator effects

Question 8

Likert Scale

Answer 8

Respondent* indicates their agreement* e.g strongly agree, somewhat agree, neutral, disagree, strongly disagree
**- **Lacks detail as ppts cant explain answers

Question 9

Rating Scale

Answer 9

Respondent identifies a value e.g on a scale of 1-10
- Lacks detail so ppts cant explain themselves
- Can be subjective, numbers can be interpreted differently by different people

Question 10

Leading Questions

Answer 10

Researcher guides the respondent towards a certain answer e.g you like… don’t you?
- Low in validity as ppts may not give honest answers

Question 11

Double barrelled question

Answer 11

Two questions in one
- Participants may only respond to one part of the other and ignore/miss out the other

Question 12

Interview schedule

Answer 12

List of questions prepared to be asked in interview
- No flexibility to elaborate or ask questions

Question 13

**Fixed choice **

Answer 13

List of closed ended options to chose from e.g no flexibility to elaborate