Behaviourist Approach

Question 1

What is the Behaviourist Approach?

Answer 1

• Its only concerened with what can be seen e.g **environment & behaviour **
• The best way to do an experiment is in a lab so there is better control of conditions/ variables
• Its sees that behaviour can be stamped in and stamped out through learning
  *

Question 2

Classical Conditioning

Answer 2

• ** Learning by association**
• It occurs through associations made between uncontioned stimulus and the neutral stimulus
• 2 stimuli are repeatedly paired together

Question 3

Pavlov (1937)

Answer 3

A- To see if dogs could be conditioned to salivate
M- Dog was given food (UCS) and this produced salivation (UCR). Using a lab experiment, UCS (food) was paired with a bell (NS) and this pairing was repeated. P inserted a test tube into the dogs cheek to monitor salivation.
R- After trials, dogs learned to salivate (CR) to sound of bell (CS) without presence of food. Dog learned to associate bell and food
C- Behaviours can be learnt through making stimulus-response associations

Question 4

Watson 1920 (Little Albert Study)

Answer 4

A- To see if fear could be conditioned into a child
M- Watson and Rayner made a loud noise with a steal bar and a hammer (UCS) and Albert displayed fear (UCR). They then paired the noise with white rats (NS) and after many pairings Albert displayed fear in response to the rat without the noise
R- Albert associated this fear from this noise to the white rat
C

Question 5

Operant Conditioning

Answer 5

Behaviour is shaped and maintained by its consequences e.g. reinforcemnet/ punishment
Positive Reinforcement- Carrying out behaviour to get a reward e.g. praise from teacher
Negative Reinforcement- Carrying out behaviour to avoid negative consequences e.g. telling off from teacher
Punishment- decreases the likelihood that behaviour will be repeated

Question 6

Skinner

Answer 6

A- To investigate operant conditioning in rats and pigeons
M- Using a lab, Skinner placed animals in Skinners Box. Condition 1- Positive reinforcement - Box with lever, as rat moved around it would accidentally knock lever and food pellet would drop
Condition 2- Negative reinforcement rat was placed in box with unpleasant shocks and as rat moved around, hitting lever would stop shocks
R- * 1. Rat continued to press the lever because it was rewarded, when pellet stopped being released rat stopped behaviour because reinforcer was removed
* 2. Rat learned to go straight to lever to stop consequence of electric current
C- Behaviour is learned through consequences of action, they ar repeated if reinforced, less likely to be repeated if punished

Question 7

Evaluation

Answer 7

+ Well controlled research
- Environmental determinism
+ Real world application
- Ethical issues

Question 8

+ Well contolled research

Question 9

+ Real world application

Question 10

- Environmenta Determinism