Characteristics of depression

Question 1

DSM 5 categorises depression like this:

Answer 1

1. Major depressive disorder
2. Persistent depressive disorder
3. Diruptive mood dysregulation disorder
4. Premenstural Dysphoric disorder
5. Unipolar
6. Bipolar

Question 2

Major depressive disorder

Answer 2

MDD- clinical disorder
Symptoms include:
* depressive episodes for longer period of time
* feeling hopeless
* sad or numb
* decreased motivation
* suicidal thoughts
* anxious, melancholoy, agitated

Question 3

Persistent depressive disorder

Answer 3

symptoms (can happen every day)
* appetite change
* sleep change
* fatigue
* low self-esteem
* poor concentration

Question 4

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

Answer 4

symptoms include:
* outbursts of temper 3x a week
* sad/ moody
* trails back to childhood years

Question 5

Premenstural Dysphoric Disorder

Answer 5

symptoms include:
* mood swings
* increased sensitivity
* weight gain
* anxiety
* fatigue
* happens to 3-8% of women
* tender breasts and joint pain

Question 6

2 main types of depression:

Answer 6

1. Unipolar
2. Bipolar

Question 7

Unipolar depression

Answer 7

• known as major depression
• this type of illness usually occurs in cycles + has clinical symptoms

Question 8

Bipolar depression

Answer 8

• known as manic depression
• condition sees the person swing between feeling high + full of confidence (mania) to feeling extremely low + depressed

Question 9

Behaviouaral characteristics

Answer 9

1. Activity
2. Disruption to sleep and eating
3. Agression & self-harm

Question 10

Activity

Answer 10

behavioural characteristic
* depressed individuals may lack the energy to be socially active
* this may lead to withdrawing from work and education

Question 11

Disruption to sleep and eating

Answer 11

behavioural characteristic
* depressed individuals may suffer from insomnia or hypersomnia (an increased need for sleep)
* appetite may also increase or decrease

Question 12

Aggression & self-harm

Answer 12

behavioural characteristic
* depression may lead to being physically or verbally aggressive towards others
* it can sometimes lead to self-harm

Question 13

Emotional characteristic

Answer 13

1. Mood
2. Low self-esteem
3. Anger

Question 14

Mood

Answer 14

emotional characteristic
* constant feelings of sadness and low mood

Question 15

Low self-esteem

Answer 15

emotional characteristic
* very low levels of self esteem to the extent that some people hate themselves

Question 16

Anger

Answer 16

emotional characteristic
* feelings of anger can lead to aggressive behaviour towards others or to self harm

Question 17

Cognitive characteristics

Answer 17

1. Poor concentration
2. Focusing on negative thoughts
3. Absolutist thinking

Question 18

Poor concentration

Answer 18

cognitive characteristic
* this has consequences for daily life as the individual may find it difficult to make decisions and are unable to complete tasks

Question 19

Focusing on negative thoughts

Answer 19

cognitive characteristic
* individuals with depression are biased towards remembering and focusing on more negative thoughts and memories than positive/ happy thoughts and memories

Question 20

Absolutist thinking

Answer 20

cognitive characteristic
* situations are interpreted as either good or bad (black and white thinking)