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Biology > The Defense Functions Of The Mamilian Blood > Flashcards

The Defense Functions Of The Mamilian Blood Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary function of blood in mammals?

A

To transport oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body.

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2
Q

True or False: Red blood cells are primarily responsible for immune defense.

A

False

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3
Q

What component of blood is primarily responsible for the immune response?

A

White blood cells (leukocytes)

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: The liquid component of blood is called ______.

A

plasma

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5
Q

What are the two main types of white blood cells?

A

Lymphocytes and phagocytes

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6
Q

Which type of white blood cell produces antibodies?

A

B lymphocytes (B cells)

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7
Q

What is the role of T lymphocytes in the immune response?

A

To destroy infected host cells and coordinate the immune response.

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8
Q

True or False: Platelets are involved in blood clotting.

A

True

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9
Q

What is the process called when white blood cells engulf pathogens?

A

Phagocytosis

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10
Q

Name the protein in red blood cells that binds oxygen.

A

Hemoglobin

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11
Q

Which type of white blood cell is primarily involved in allergic reactions?

A

Basophils

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12
Q

What is the function of plasma proteins in blood?

A

To help maintain osmotic pressure and transport substances.

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13
Q

Fill in the blank: The part of the immune system that provides long-term immunity is called ______ immunity.

A

adaptive

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14
Q

What is the role of memory cells in the immune response?

A

To provide a faster response upon subsequent exposure to the same pathogen.

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15
Q

Which white blood cells are responsible for the body’s first line of defense?

A

Neutrophils

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16
Q

True or False: Antibodies are produced by T cells.

A

False

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17
Q

What is the main function of phagocytes?

A

To ingest and destroy pathogens.

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18
Q

Which blood component helps to form clots at injury sites?

A

Platelets

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19
Q

What is the term for the body’s ability to resist infection?

A

Immunity

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20
Q

Fill in the blank: The spleen is involved in the ______ of blood cells.

A

removal

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21
Q

What type of immunity is provided by vaccination?

A

Active immunity

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22
Q

Which white blood cells are primarily involved in the destruction of cancer cells?

A

Cytotoxic T cells

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23
Q

True or False: Plasma makes up about 55% of total blood volume.

A

True

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24
Q

What is the role of cytokines in the immune response?

A

To act as signaling molecules that mediate and regulate immunity.

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25
Q

Fill in the blank: The process of blood cell formation is called ______.

A

hematopoiesis

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26
Q

What are the two main categories of immunity?

A

Innate immunity and adaptive immunity

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27
Q

Which type of white blood cells are involved in both cellular and humoral immunity?

A

Lymphocytes

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28
Q

True or False: Monocytes can differentiate into macrophages.

A

True

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29
Q

What is the role of antibodies in the immune response?

A

To specifically bind to antigens and neutralize or mark them for destruction.

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30
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ response is the immediate, non-specific defense mechanism against pathogens.

A

innate

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31
Q

What is the function of the thymus gland in immunity?

A

To mature T lymphocytes.

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32
Q

Which cells are responsible for the production of histamine during an allergic reaction?

A

Mast cells

33
Q

True or False: Natural killer cells are a type of B lymphocyte.

A

False

34
Q

What is the primary function of the lymphatic system in relation to blood?

A

To transport lymph, which contains infection-fighting white blood cells.

35
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ is the organ responsible for filtering blood and recycling iron.

A

spleen

36
Q

What role do complement proteins play in the immune response?

A

They enhance the ability of antibodies and phagocytes to clear pathogens.

37
Q

Which type of immunity is conferred by maternal antibodies?

A

Passive immunity

38
Q

True or False: Blood type is determined by the presence of antigens on the surface of red blood cells.

A

True

39
Q

What is the function of leukocytes?

A

To protect the body against infection and foreign invaders.

40
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ response involves the activation of lymphocytes and the production of antibodies.

A

adaptive

41
Q

What is the function of the bone marrow in the immune system?

A

To produce blood cells, including white blood cells.

42
Q

Which blood component is primarily responsible for transporting carbon dioxide?

A

Plasma.

43
Q

What is the role of the immune system’s memory cells?

A

To remember past infections and respond more rapidly upon re-exposure.

44
Q

True or False: All white blood cells are involved in the adaptive immune response.

A

False

45
Q

What is the main function of dendritic cells?

A

To present antigens to T cells and activate the adaptive immune response.

46
Q

Fill in the blank: ______ are proteins that help to identify and neutralize pathogens.

A

Antibodies

47
Q

Which type of immunity is immediate and non-specific?

A

Innate immunity

48
Q

What is the primary role of neutrophils in the immune system?

A

To quickly respond to and ingest pathogens.

49
Q

True or False: Vaccines work by introducing a pathogen to stimulate an immune response.

A

True

50
Q

What is the role of interferons in the immune response?

A

To inhibit viral replication and activate immune cells.

51
Q

Fill in the blank: The study of the immune system is called ______.

A

immunology

52
Q

What do we call the substances that trigger an immune response?

A

Antigens

53
Q

Which type of blood cell is primarily involved in allergic responses and parasitic infections?

A

Eosinophils

54
Q

True or False: The body can produce an unlimited number of different antibodies.

A

True

55
Q

What is the primary function of the circulatory system in relation to the immune system?

A

To transport immune cells and antibodies throughout the body.

56
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ response is characterized by a rapid increase in antibodies upon re-exposure to an antigen.

A

secondary

57
Q

What is the function of the lymph nodes in the immune system?

A

To filter lymph and house immune cells that respond to pathogens.

58
Q

Which type of immunity develops after exposure to a disease?

A

Active immunity

59
Q

True or False: Hemoglobin carries both oxygen and carbon dioxide.

A

True

60
Q

What is the function of the bone marrow in relation to blood cells?

A

To produce red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

61
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ system includes the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.

A

lymphatic

62
Q

Which component of blood helps to regulate pH and osmotic pressure?

A

Plasma proteins

63
Q

What role do macrophages play in the immune response?

A

They engulf and digest pathogens and dead cells.

64
Q

True or False: The adaptive immune response is slower than the innate immune response.

A

True

65
Q

What is the role of the thymus gland in T cell development?

A

To mature T cells and ensure self-tolerance.

66
Q

Fill in the blank: ______ are specialized cells that produce antibodies in response to antigens.

A

Plasma cells

67
Q

Which type of immunity is transferred from mother to fetus?

A

Passive immunity

68
Q

True or False: All blood types have the same antigens.

A

False

69
Q

What is the role of the spleen in the immune system?

A

To filter blood and respond to infections.

70
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ response requires prior exposure to an antigen.

A

adaptive

71
Q

What is the main role of natural killer cells?

A

To target and destroy virus-infected cells and tumor cells.

72
Q

True or False: B cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity.

A

False

73
Q

What is the function of the bone marrow in the immune system?

A

To produce blood cells, including immune cells.

74
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ system protects the body from pathogens and foreign substances.

A

immune

75
Q

Which type of blood cell is involved in the inflammatory response?

A

Basophils

76
Q

True or False: The immune system can recognize and remember specific pathogens.

A

True

77
Q

What is the primary function of eosinophils?

A

To combat multicellular parasites and certain infections.

78
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ response is the body’s first line of defense against pathogens.

A

innate

Biology (28 decks)

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