Mass Transport Systems In Plants Flashcards
What is the primary function of the mass transport system in plants?
To transport water, nutrients, and sugars throughout the plant.
What are the two main types of vascular tissue in plants?
Xylem and phloem.
True or False: Xylem transports water and minerals from the roots to the leaves.
True.
What is the main role of phloem?
To transport organic nutrients, particularly sucrose, from sources to sinks.
Fill in the blank: The process of water movement through the xylem is called __________.
transpiration.
What is transpiration?
The loss of water vapor from the aerial parts of a plant.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a component of xylem?
A) Tracheids
B) Sieve tubes
C) Vessel elements
D) Fibers
B) Sieve tubes.
What drives the movement of water through the xylem?
Transpiration pull and root pressure.
True or False: Phloem is composed of living cells.
True.
What are sieve plates?
Perforated structures that allow for the flow of sap between phloem cells.
Fill in the blank: The movement of sugars in phloem is driven by __________.
pressure flow.
What is the role of companion cells in phloem?
To support the metabolism of sieve tube elements.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following correctly describes xylem?
A) Transports sugars
B) Transports water and minerals
C) Composed of living cells
D) Has sieve plates
B) Transports water and minerals.
What is root pressure?
The pressure generated in the roots that helps to push water upward through the xylem.
True or False: Water moves through plant tissues by osmosis and diffusion.
True.
What is the role of stomata in transpiration?
Stomata are openings that allow for the exchange of gases and the loss of water vapor.
Fill in the blank: The process by which water is absorbed by roots is called __________.
osmosis.
What is cohesion in the context of water transport in plants?
The attraction between water molecules that helps maintain the water column in xylem.
What is adhesion in the context of water transport in plants?
The attraction between water molecules and the walls of xylem vessels.
Multiple Choice: Which factor does NOT affect the rate of transpiration?
A) Temperature
B) Humidity
C) Soil pH
D) Wind speed
C) Soil pH.
What is the significance of the Casparian strip in roots?
It regulates the flow of water and solutes into the vascular system.
True or False: Phloem transport can occur in both directions.
True.
What is the primary component of xylem that facilitates water transport?
Tracheids and vessel elements.
Fill in the blank: The primary source of energy for the movement of sugars in phloem is __________.
photosynthesis.
What is the main difference between primary and secondary xylem?
Primary xylem develops from the apical meristem, while secondary xylem is produced by the vascular cambium.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following statements about xylem is true?
A) It transports sugars.
B) It is composed of living cells.
C) It is responsible for water transport.
D) It has sieve elements.
C) It is responsible for water transport.
What is the term for the upward movement of water against gravity in plants?
Capillary action.
True or False: The pressure flow hypothesis explains the movement of water in xylem.
False.
Fill in the blank: In the pressure flow hypothesis, sugars are actively transported into __________.
sieve tubes.
What role does the vascular cambium play in plants?
It produces secondary xylem and phloem, contributing to the growth in thickness.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following structures is responsible for the absorption of water in plants?
A) Leaves
B) Stems
C) Roots
D) Flowers
C) Roots.
What is the significance of the leaf structure in relation to mass transport?
Leaves are the primary site of photosynthesis and transpiration, influencing water and nutrient movement.
True or False: Water potential determines the direction of water movement in plants.
True.
What is the role of root hairs in plants?
To increase the surface area for water and nutrient absorption.
Fill in the blank: The main driving force for the movement of water in plants is __________.
transpiration.
What is the impact of high humidity on transpiration rates?
High humidity decreases the rate of transpiration.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a factor that increases transpiration?
A) High humidity
B) Low temperature
C) High wind speed
D) Low light intensity
C) High wind speed.
What is the function of lenticels in plants?
To facilitate gas exchange in woody stems.
True or False: Phloem contains both sieve tube elements and companion cells.
True.
Fill in the blank: The flow of water in xylem is primarily driven by __________.
transpiration.
What is the term for the movement of nutrients from sources to sinks in plants?
Translocation.
Multiple Choice: Which type of plant tissue is primarily responsible for the transport of water?
A) Parenchyma
B) Collenchyma
C) Xylem
D) Sclerenchyma
C) Xylem.
What is the role of the pericycle in plant roots?
It is involved in the formation of lateral roots and contributes to the growth of the root system.
True or False: The vascular system in plants is only found in angiosperms.
False.
Fill in the blank: The main driving force for the movement of sugars in phloem is __________.
pressure gradient.
What is the role of mycorrhizae in relation to mass transport?
They enhance nutrient and water absorption through symbiotic relationships with plant roots.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following best describes the function of xylem?
A) Transport of nutrients
B) Transport of hormones
C) Transport of water
D) Transport of photosynthates
C) Transport of water.
What is the function of the cuticle on leaves?
To reduce water loss by evaporation.
True or False: Water movement in plants is a passive process.
True.
Fill in the blank: The primary sugar transported in phloem is __________.
sucrose.
What is the significance of the vascular tissue arrangement in stems?
It supports the plant and facilitates the transport of water and nutrients.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following structures is primarily involved in the transport of photosynthates?
A) Xylem
B) Phloem
C) Roots
D) Stomata
B) Phloem.
What is osmosis?
The movement of water molecules from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration through a semi-permeable membrane.
True or False: Sieve tube elements are connected end to end to form long tubes in phloem.
True.
Fill in the blank: The loss of water vapor from the surface of leaves is called __________.
transpiration.
What is the role of guard cells?
To regulate the opening and closing of stomata.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following factors can decrease transpiration?
A) High temperature
B) High humidity
C) High wind speed
D) Increased light intensity
B) High humidity.
What is the relationship between transpiration and nutrient uptake?
Transpiration creates a negative pressure that helps pull water and nutrients up from the roots.
True or False: The vascular system in plants is only responsible for transport.
False.
Fill in the blank: The primary tissue responsible for conducting water in plants is __________.
xylem.
What is the role of the vascular bundles in plants?
To transport water, nutrients, and photosynthates throughout the plant.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a function of phloem?
A) Transport of water
B) Transport of minerals
C) Transport of sugars
D) Transport of hormones
C) Transport of sugars.
What is the significance of the endodermis in roots?
It regulates the entry of water and nutrients into the vascular cylinder.
True or False: Water potential is a measure of the potential energy of water in a system.
True.
Fill in the blank: The movement of water through the xylem is primarily a __________ process.
passive.
What is the impact of light intensity on transpiration rates?
Increased light intensity typically increases transpiration rates due to stomatal opening.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a primary factor affecting root pressure?
A) Soil moisture
B) Leaf area
C) Temperature
D) Humidity
A) Soil moisture.
What is the function of the vascular cambium?
To produce new vascular tissue (xylem and phloem) during secondary growth.
True or False: The majority of water absorbed by plants is ultimately lost through transpiration.
True.
Fill in the blank: The transport of nutrients in phloem is driven by __________.
pressure flow.
What is the role of the apical meristem in plants?
It is responsible for the primary growth of the plant.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following structures is NOT part of the xylem?
A) Tracheids
B) Vessel elements
C) Companion cells
D) Fibers
C) Companion cells.
What is the role of auxins in relation to plant transport systems?
Auxins regulate growth and can influence the direction of nutrient and water transport.
True or False: Water and nutrients are transported through the same vascular tissue in plants.
False.
Fill in the blank: The primary site of water absorption in plants is the __________.
roots.
What is the role of cuticle in plants?
To minimize water loss from the leaf surface.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following factors increases transpiration?
A) Low temperature
B) High humidity
C) High light intensity
D) Low wind speed
C) High light intensity.
What is the primary method by which plants regulate water loss?
By opening and closing stomata.
True or False: The movement of water in xylem is influenced by both physical and biological processes.
True.
