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Biology > Digestion And Absorption > Flashcards

Digestion And Absorption Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary function of the digestive system?

A

To break down food into smaller molecules for absorption.

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2
Q

True or False: The mouth is the only site of mechanical digestion.

A

False.

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3
Q

What enzyme is secreted in saliva that begins the digestion of carbohydrates?

A

Amylase.

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: The stomach secretes _____ to help digest proteins.

A

Pepsin.

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5
Q

What is the role of bile in digestion?

A

To emulsify fats, increasing their surface area for enzyme action.

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6
Q

What part of the small intestine is primarily responsible for nutrient absorption?

A

The jejunum.

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7
Q

True or False: The pancreas produces insulin, which aids in digestion.

A

False.

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8
Q

What are villi and their function in the small intestine?

A

Villi are small, finger-like projections that increase the surface area for absorption.

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9
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver? A) Produce bile B) Store glycogen C) Digest proteins D) Detoxify substances

A

C) Digest proteins.

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10
Q

What is the final product of carbohydrate digestion?

A

Monosaccharides, primarily glucose.

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11
Q

Fill in the blank: The large intestine primarily absorbs _____ and electrolytes.

A

Water.

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12
Q

True or False: Proteins are absorbed as whole molecules in the small intestine.

A

False.

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13
Q

What is the role of the sphincter muscles in the digestive system?

A

To regulate the passage of food and waste through the digestive tract.

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14
Q

Short Answer: Name one factor that can affect enzyme activity in digestion.

A

Temperature or pH.

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15
Q

What is the main function of gastric acid in the stomach?

A

To create an acidic environment for enzyme activation and to kill bacteria.

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16
Q

Multiple Choice: Which enzyme digests fats? A) Amylase B) Lipase C) Protease D) Lactase

A

B) Lipase.

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17
Q

Fill in the blank: The process of breaking down food into smaller molecules is known as _____ digestion.

A

Chemical.

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18
Q

True or False: Absorption occurs mainly in the stomach.

A

False.

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19
Q

What is the role of the duodenum in digestion?

A

To receive chyme from the stomach and mix it with digestive juices from the pancreas and liver.

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20
Q

What are the main types of nutrients absorbed in the small intestine?

A

Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

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21
Q

Fill in the blank: Lactase breaks down _____ into glucose and galactose.

A

Lactose.

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22
Q

Short Answer: What is the term for the wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract?

A

Peristalsis.

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23
Q

What is the primary role of the gallbladder?

A

To store and concentrate bile.

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24
Q

True or False: Fiber is digested and absorbed by the human digestive system.

A

False.

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25
Q

What is the significance of the brush border in the small intestine?

A

It contains enzymes and microvilli that further aid in digestion and absorption.

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26
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a monosaccharide? A) Sucrose B) Fructose C) Maltose D) Starch

A

B) Fructose.

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27
Q

Fill in the blank: The primary site of water absorption in the digestive system is the _____ intestine.

A

Large.

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28
Q

What is the function of the pancreas in digestion?

A

To produce digestive enzymes and bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid.

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29
Q

True or False: Nutrients are absorbed directly into the bloodstream from the stomach.

A

False.

30
Q

What type of carbohydrate is starch classified as?

A

Polysaccharide.

31
Q

Multiple Choice: Which vitamin is primarily absorbed in the ileum? A) Vitamin A B) Vitamin C C) Vitamin B12 D) Vitamin K

A

C) Vitamin B12.

32
Q

Fill in the blank: The enzyme _____ breaks down proteins into smaller peptides.

A

Pepsin.

33
Q

What is the role of enterohepatic circulation?

A

To recycle bile salts between the intestine and liver.

34
Q

True or False: Glucose is transported into intestinal cells via facilitated diffusion.

A

False.

35
Q

What is the main purpose of chewing food?

A

To mechanically break it down and increase surface area for enzymes.

36
Q

Short Answer: Name one hormone that regulates digestion.

A

Gastrin.

37
Q

What is the function of the esophagus in the digestive system?

A

To transport food from the mouth to the stomach.

38
Q

Fill in the blank: The main product of fat digestion is _____.

A

Fatty acids.

39
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a disaccharide? A) Glucose B) Galactose C) Sucrose D) Glycogen

A

C) Sucrose.

40
Q

True or False: The small intestine is about 5 meters long.

A

True.

41
Q

What is the role of the rectum in the digestive system?

A

To store feces before elimination.

42
Q

Fill in the blank: The pancreas secretes _____ that neutralizes stomach acid.

A

Bicarbonate.

43
Q

Short Answer: What are the end products of protein digestion?

A

Amino acids.

44
Q

What is the main function of saliva in digestion?

A

To lubricate food and begin the digestion of starch.

45
Q

True or False: The colon is part of the small intestine.

A

False.

46
Q

What is the primary role of the small intestine?

A

To digest and absorb nutrients.

47
Q

Fill in the blank: The enzyme _____ breaks down lactose.

A

Lactase.

48
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of lipid? A) Triglyceride B) Phospholipid C) Glycogen D) Cholesterol

A

C) Glycogen.

49
Q

True or False: Enzymes are consumed in the reactions they catalyze.

A

False.

50
Q

What is the primary source of energy for the body?

A

Glucose.

51
Q

Fill in the blank: _____ are the building blocks of proteins.

A

Amino acids.

52
Q

Short Answer: How does the body absorb fatty acids?

A

Through the lymphatic system.

53
Q

What is the purpose of chewing food?

A

To mechanically break it down and mix it with saliva.

54
Q

True or False: Digestive enzymes work best at a specific pH.

A

True.

55
Q

What is the main function of the large intestine?

A

To absorb water and electrolytes and form feces.

56
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ is the first section of the small intestine.

A

Duodenum.

57
Q

Multiple Choice: What is the primary function of amylase? A) To digest proteins B) To digest fats C) To digest carbohydrates D) To digest nucleic acids

A

C) To digest carbohydrates.

58
Q

True or False: The stomach plays a minimal role in the digestion of carbohydrates.

A

True.

59
Q

What is the role of the liver in digestion?

A

To produce bile and metabolize nutrients.

60
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ is responsible for the absorption of vitamin B12.

A

Ileum.

61
Q

Short Answer: What is the function of proteases?

A

To break down proteins into peptides and amino acids.

62
Q

What is the primary site of enzymatic digestion of carbohydrates?

A

The small intestine.

63
Q

True or False: The human body can synthesize all essential amino acids.

A

False.

64
Q

What is the purpose of gastric mucosa?

A

To protect the stomach lining from acid and enzymes.

65
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ is the last part of the digestive system.

A

Anus.

66
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a function of the small intestine? A) Digestion B) Absorption C) Secretion D) All of the above

A

D) All of the above.

67
Q

True or False: Fats are absorbed directly into the bloodstream.

A

False.

68
Q

What are the two types of digestion?

A

Mechanical and chemical digestion.

69
Q

Fill in the blank: The primary function of bile is to _____ fats.

A

Emulsify.

70
Q

Short Answer: What do enzymes do in the digestive process?

A

They catalyze the breakdown of food molecules.

Biology (28 decks)

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