Digestion And Absorption Flashcards
What is the primary function of the digestive system?
To break down food into smaller molecules for absorption.
True or False: The mouth is the only site of mechanical digestion.
False.
What enzyme is secreted in saliva that begins the digestion of carbohydrates?
Amylase.
Fill in the blank: The stomach secretes _____ to help digest proteins.
Pepsin.
What is the role of bile in digestion?
To emulsify fats, increasing their surface area for enzyme action.
What part of the small intestine is primarily responsible for nutrient absorption?
The jejunum.
True or False: The pancreas produces insulin, which aids in digestion.
False.
What are villi and their function in the small intestine?
Villi are small, finger-like projections that increase the surface area for absorption.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver? A) Produce bile B) Store glycogen C) Digest proteins D) Detoxify substances
C) Digest proteins.
What is the final product of carbohydrate digestion?
Monosaccharides, primarily glucose.
Fill in the blank: The large intestine primarily absorbs _____ and electrolytes.
Water.
True or False: Proteins are absorbed as whole molecules in the small intestine.
False.
What is the role of the sphincter muscles in the digestive system?
To regulate the passage of food and waste through the digestive tract.
Short Answer: Name one factor that can affect enzyme activity in digestion.
Temperature or pH.
What is the main function of gastric acid in the stomach?
To create an acidic environment for enzyme activation and to kill bacteria.
Multiple Choice: Which enzyme digests fats? A) Amylase B) Lipase C) Protease D) Lactase
B) Lipase.
Fill in the blank: The process of breaking down food into smaller molecules is known as _____ digestion.
Chemical.
True or False: Absorption occurs mainly in the stomach.
False.
What is the role of the duodenum in digestion?
To receive chyme from the stomach and mix it with digestive juices from the pancreas and liver.
What are the main types of nutrients absorbed in the small intestine?
Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Fill in the blank: Lactase breaks down _____ into glucose and galactose.
Lactose.
Short Answer: What is the term for the wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract?
Peristalsis.
What is the primary role of the gallbladder?
To store and concentrate bile.
True or False: Fiber is digested and absorbed by the human digestive system.
False.
What is the significance of the brush border in the small intestine?
It contains enzymes and microvilli that further aid in digestion and absorption.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a monosaccharide? A) Sucrose B) Fructose C) Maltose D) Starch
B) Fructose.
Fill in the blank: The primary site of water absorption in the digestive system is the _____ intestine.
Large.
What is the function of the pancreas in digestion?
To produce digestive enzymes and bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid.
True or False: Nutrients are absorbed directly into the bloodstream from the stomach.
False.
What type of carbohydrate is starch classified as?
Polysaccharide.
Multiple Choice: Which vitamin is primarily absorbed in the ileum? A) Vitamin A B) Vitamin C C) Vitamin B12 D) Vitamin K
C) Vitamin B12.
Fill in the blank: The enzyme _____ breaks down proteins into smaller peptides.
Pepsin.
What is the role of enterohepatic circulation?
To recycle bile salts between the intestine and liver.
True or False: Glucose is transported into intestinal cells via facilitated diffusion.
False.
What is the main purpose of chewing food?
To mechanically break it down and increase surface area for enzymes.
Short Answer: Name one hormone that regulates digestion.
Gastrin.
What is the function of the esophagus in the digestive system?
To transport food from the mouth to the stomach.
Fill in the blank: The main product of fat digestion is _____.
Fatty acids.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a disaccharide? A) Glucose B) Galactose C) Sucrose D) Glycogen
C) Sucrose.
True or False: The small intestine is about 5 meters long.
True.
What is the role of the rectum in the digestive system?
To store feces before elimination.
Fill in the blank: The pancreas secretes _____ that neutralizes stomach acid.
Bicarbonate.
Short Answer: What are the end products of protein digestion?
Amino acids.
What is the main function of saliva in digestion?
To lubricate food and begin the digestion of starch.
True or False: The colon is part of the small intestine.
False.
What is the primary role of the small intestine?
To digest and absorb nutrients.
Fill in the blank: The enzyme _____ breaks down lactose.
Lactase.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of lipid? A) Triglyceride B) Phospholipid C) Glycogen D) Cholesterol
C) Glycogen.
True or False: Enzymes are consumed in the reactions they catalyze.
False.
What is the primary source of energy for the body?
Glucose.
Fill in the blank: _____ are the building blocks of proteins.
Amino acids.
Short Answer: How does the body absorb fatty acids?
Through the lymphatic system.
What is the purpose of chewing food?
To mechanically break it down and mix it with saliva.
True or False: Digestive enzymes work best at a specific pH.
True.
What is the main function of the large intestine?
To absorb water and electrolytes and form feces.
Fill in the blank: The _____ is the first section of the small intestine.
Duodenum.
Multiple Choice: What is the primary function of amylase? A) To digest proteins B) To digest fats C) To digest carbohydrates D) To digest nucleic acids
C) To digest carbohydrates.
True or False: The stomach plays a minimal role in the digestion of carbohydrates.
True.
What is the role of the liver in digestion?
To produce bile and metabolize nutrients.
Fill in the blank: The _____ is responsible for the absorption of vitamin B12.
Ileum.
Short Answer: What is the function of proteases?
To break down proteins into peptides and amino acids.
What is the primary site of enzymatic digestion of carbohydrates?
The small intestine.
True or False: The human body can synthesize all essential amino acids.
False.
What is the purpose of gastric mucosa?
To protect the stomach lining from acid and enzymes.
Fill in the blank: The _____ is the last part of the digestive system.
Anus.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a function of the small intestine? A) Digestion B) Absorption C) Secretion D) All of the above
D) All of the above.
True or False: Fats are absorbed directly into the bloodstream.
False.
What are the two types of digestion?
Mechanical and chemical digestion.
Fill in the blank: The primary function of bile is to _____ fats.
Emulsify.
Short Answer: What do enzymes do in the digestive process?
They catalyze the breakdown of food molecules.
