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Biology > Cells Divide By Mitosis > Flashcards

Cells Divide By Mitosis Flashcards

1
Q

What is mitosis?

A

Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells.

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2
Q

True or False: Mitosis results in four daughter cells.

A

False

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3
Q

What is the main purpose of mitosis?

A

The main purpose of mitosis is growth, repair, and asexual reproduction.

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4
Q

Name the phase of mitosis where chromosomes align at the cell’s equator.

A

Metaphase

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5
Q

Fill in the blank: Mitosis consists of ______ main stages.

A

five

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6
Q

List the stages of mitosis in order.

A

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis

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7
Q

What happens during prophase?

A

During prophase, chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes, and the nuclear envelope begins to break down.

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8
Q

True or False: Sister chromatids are separated during anaphase.

A

True

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9
Q

What structure pulls the sister chromatids apart during mitosis?

A

Spindle fibers

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10
Q

What is the role of the centromere?

A

The centromere holds the two sister chromatids together and is the attachment point for spindle fibers.

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11
Q

During which phase does the nuclear envelope reform?

A

Telophase

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12
Q

What is cytokinesis?

A

Cytokinesis is the process that divides the cytoplasm of a parental cell into two daughter cells.

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13
Q

True or False: Mitosis occurs in both somatic and germ cells.

A

False

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14
Q

What type of cells undergo mitosis?

A

Somatic cells

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15
Q

Fill in the blank: Mitosis is a form of ______ reproduction.

A

asexual

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16
Q

What is the result of mitosis in terms of genetic material?

A

The result is two daughter cells with the same genetic material as the parent cell.

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17
Q

What is the significance of the G1 phase in the cell cycle?

A

The G1 phase is where the cell grows and prepares for DNA replication.

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18
Q

What is the S phase in the cell cycle?

A

The S phase is the stage where DNA is replicated.

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19
Q

What happens in the G2 phase of the cell cycle?

A

In the G2 phase, the cell continues to grow and prepares for mitosis.

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20
Q

True or False: Mitosis is followed by interphase.

A

False

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21
Q

What is the role of checkpoints in the cell cycle?

A

Checkpoints ensure that the cell is ready to proceed to the next phase of the cell cycle.

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22
Q

What can happen if a cell fails to pass a checkpoint?

A

The cell may undergo apoptosis or enter a resting state.

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23
Q

What is the term for programmed cell death?

A

Apoptosis

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24
Q

What is the function of the spindle apparatus?

A

The spindle apparatus helps separate the chromosomes during mitosis.

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25
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ phase is when the chromatin is relaxed and not visible as distinct chromosomes.

A

interphase

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26
Q

What occurs during metaphase?

A

During metaphase, chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate.

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27
Q

What is the main difference between mitosis and meiosis?

A

Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells, while meiosis produces four genetically diverse gametes.

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28
Q

True or False: Mitosis is essential for growth and repair in multicellular organisms.

A

True

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29
Q

What happens during anaphase?

A

During anaphase, sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell.

30
Q

What is the final stage of mitosis?

31
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ phase is characterized by the separation of the cytoplasm.

A

cytokinesis

32
Q

What phase follows telophase?

A

Cytokinesis

33
Q

What is chromatin?

A

Chromatin is a complex of DNA and proteins found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

34
Q

How do plant cells differ from animal cells during cytokinesis?

A

Plant cells form a cell plate, while animal cells form a cleavage furrow.

35
Q

True or False: DNA replication occurs before mitosis begins.

36
Q

What is the role of cyclins in the cell cycle?

A

Cyclins regulate the progression of the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinases.

37
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ checkpoint ensures that DNA is replicated correctly before mitosis.

38
Q

What is the role of the mitotic spindle?

A

The mitotic spindle helps segregate chromosomes during cell division.

39
Q

What is the significance of chromatid cohesion?

A

Chromatid cohesion ensures that sister chromatids remain attached until they are separated during anaphase.

40
Q

What is the difference between diploid and haploid cells?

A

Diploid cells have two sets of chromosomes, while haploid cells have one set.

41
Q

True or False: Mitosis occurs in prokaryotic cells.

42
Q

What is the purpose of the G0 phase?

A

The G0 phase is a resting state where cells are not actively preparing to divide.

43
Q

What is the role of kinetochores?

A

Kinetochores are protein complexes that form at the centromere and attach to spindle fibers.

44
Q

What triggers the onset of anaphase?

A

The separation of sister chromatids at the centromere triggers anaphase.

45
Q

Fill in the blank: ______ is the stage of the cell cycle where the cell prepares for division.

46
Q

What is the name of the structure that organizes microtubules during mitosis?

A

Centrosome

47
Q

True or False: Mitosis is a continuous process.

48
Q

What happens to the nuclear envelope during prophase?

A

The nuclear envelope breaks down during prophase.

49
Q

What is the role of p53 in the cell cycle?

A

p53 is a tumor suppressor protein that helps regulate the cell cycle and prevent cancer.

50
Q

Fill in the blank: In animal cells, the cleavage furrow is formed during ______.

A

cytokinesis

51
Q

What is the primary function of mitosis?

A

The primary function of mitosis is to ensure equal distribution of genetic material to daughter cells.

52
Q

True or False: Mitosis is only necessary for unicellular organisms.

53
Q

What is the outcome of mitosis in terms of chromosome number?

A

The chromosome number remains the same as the parent cell.

54
Q

What occurs during telophase?

A

During telophase, the chromosomes de-condense and the nuclear envelope reforms.

55
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ phase of the cell cycle is when the cell grows and synthesizes proteins.

56
Q

What happens to chromosomes during metaphase?

A

Chromosomes align along the metaphase plate.

57
Q

What is the significance of the spindle assembly checkpoint?

A

The spindle assembly checkpoint ensures that all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle before proceeding to anaphase.

58
Q

True or False: Mitosis is essential for sexual reproduction.

59
Q

What is the difference between somatic cells and germ cells?

A

Somatic cells undergo mitosis, while germ cells undergo meiosis.

60
Q

What is the role of growth factors in the cell cycle?

A

Growth factors stimulate cell division and progression through the cell cycle.

61
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ phase is when the cell’s DNA is replicated.

62
Q

What happens to the cell’s surface area to volume ratio as it grows?

A

The surface area to volume ratio decreases as the cell grows larger.

63
Q

What is the purpose of the G1 checkpoint?

A

The G1 checkpoint assesses whether the cell is ready to enter the S phase.

64
Q

True or False: Mitosis can occur in response to injury.

65
Q

What are telomeres?

A

Telomeres are protective caps at the ends of chromosomes that shorten with each cell division.

66
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ phase is the longest phase of the cell cycle.

A

interphase

67
Q

What happens if a cell loses the ability to regulate its cycle?

A

It may lead to uncontrolled cell division and cancer.

68
Q

What is the role of the nucleolus during mitosis?

A

The nucleolus disappears during prophase and reappears during telophase.

69
Q

What is the significance of mitotic index?

A

The mitotic index indicates the proportion of cells undergoing mitosis in a given cell population.

70
Q

True or False: Chromosomes are replicated during the M phase.

71
Q

What does the term ‘cell cycle’ refer to?

A

The cell cycle refers to the series of events that a cell goes through from its formation to its division.

72
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ checkpoint occurs during metaphase.

Biology (31 decks)

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