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Biology > Gas Exchange And The Transport Of Oxygen In Living Organisms > Flashcards

Gas Exchange And The Transport Of Oxygen In Living Organisms Flashcards

1
Q

What is gas exchange?

A

The process of obtaining oxygen from the environment and eliminating carbon dioxide from the body.

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2
Q

True or False: Gas exchange occurs in all living organisms.

A

True

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3
Q

Fill in the blank: The primary organ for gas exchange in humans is the __________.

A

lungs

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4
Q

What is the role of alveoli in gas exchange?

A

Alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs.

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5
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is the main gas transported by red blood cells?

A

Oxygen

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6
Q

What is hemoglobin?

A

A protein in red blood cells that binds to oxygen for transport.

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7
Q

True or False: Carbon dioxide is more soluble in blood than oxygen.

A

True

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8
Q

What is partial pressure?

A

The pressure exerted by a single component of a mixture of gases.

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9
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ law states that the amount of gas dissolved in a liquid is proportional to its partial pressure.

A

Henry’s

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10
Q

What is the function of the diaphragm in respiration?

A

The diaphragm contracts and relaxes to help inflate and deflate the lungs.

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11
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following factors does NOT affect gas exchange?

A

Color of the organism

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12
Q

What is the difference between external and internal respiration?

A

External respiration is the exchange of gases between the environment and the blood, while internal respiration is the exchange of gases between blood and body cells.

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13
Q

True or False: Oxygen diffuses from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.

A

True

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14
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ system is responsible for transporting gases throughout the body.

A

circulatory

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15
Q

What is a respiratory surface?

A

A surface across which gas exchange occurs, typically moist and thin.

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16
Q

Multiple Choice: Which animal group typically has gills for gas exchange?

A

Fish

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17
Q

What is the significance of the respiratory membrane?

A

It is the barrier between the alveolar air and the blood, where gas exchange occurs.

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18
Q

True or False: The oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve is a linear relationship.

A

False

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19
Q

Fill in the blank: The Bohr effect describes how __________ affects hemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen.

A

pH

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20
Q

What is the role of surfactant in the lungs?

A

Surfactant reduces surface tension in the alveoli, preventing collapse.

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21
Q

Multiple Choice: Which gas is a byproduct of cellular respiration?

A

Carbon dioxide

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22
Q

What is the primary method of carbon dioxide transport in the blood?

A

As bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) in plasma.

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23
Q

True or False: The rate of gas exchange can be affected by exercise.

A

True

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24
Q

Fill in the blank: In mammals, gas exchange occurs in structures called __________.

A

alveoli

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25
Q

What is ventilation?

A

The process of moving air in and out of the lungs.

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26
Q

Multiple Choice: Which part of the brain controls the rate of breathing?

A

Medulla oblongata

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27
Q

True or False: All vertebrates use lungs for gas exchange.

A

False

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28
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ system transports oxygen and nutrients to cells and removes waste products.

A

circulatory

29
Q

What is the significance of the oxygen saturation level?

A

It indicates the percentage of hemoglobin that is bound with oxygen.

30
Q

Multiple Choice: Which physiological factor increases the release of oxygen from hemoglobin?

A

Increased carbon dioxide concentration

31
Q

What is the main function of the trachea?

A

To provide a clear airway for air to enter and exit the lungs.

32
Q

True or False: Breathing rate decreases during physical activity.

A

False

33
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ is the main muscle involved in breathing.

A

diaphragm

34
Q

What does Fick’s law describe?

A

The rate of diffusion of a gas across a membrane.

35
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following conditions can impair gas exchange?

A

Pneumonia

36
Q

What is the role of capillaries in gas exchange?

A

Capillaries are small blood vessels where the exchange of gases occurs between blood and tissues.

37
Q

True or False: Gas exchange can occur through the skin in some organisms.

A

True

38
Q

Fill in the blank: The lungs are located in the __________ cavity.

A

thoracic

39
Q

What is the purpose of the nasal cavity?

A

To filter, warm, and humidify the air before it enters the lungs.

40
Q

Multiple Choice: Which type of respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen?

A

Anaerobic respiration

41
Q

What is the main gas exchanged during photosynthesis?

A

Oxygen

42
Q

True or False: All organisms perform cellular respiration.

A

True

43
Q

Fill in the blank: During inhalation, the diaphragm __________.

A

contracts

44
Q

What is tidal volume?

A

The amount of air inhaled or exhaled during normal breathing.

45
Q

Multiple Choice: Which term describes the total volume of air that can be inhaled after a normal exhalation?

A

Inspiratory reserve volume

46
Q

What is the role of the pleura?

A

The pleura are membranes that surround the lungs and reduce friction during breathing.

47
Q

True or False: Oxygen is the only gas involved in respiration.

A

False

48
Q

Fill in the blank: The process of taking in oxygen is called __________.

A

inhalation

49
Q

What is the significance of the respiratory rate?

A

It indicates how many breaths a person takes per minute, reflecting respiratory health.

50
Q

Multiple Choice: Which part of the respiratory system is responsible for sound production?

A

Larynx

51
Q

What is diffusion?

A

The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

52
Q

True or False: Oxygen travels through the bloodstream dissolved in plasma.

A

True

53
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ is a flap that covers the trachea during swallowing.

A

epiglottis

54
Q

What is the significance of respiratory efficiency?

A

It refers to how effectively the respiratory system delivers oxygen to the blood and removes carbon dioxide.

55
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following increases lung capacity?

A

Regular aerobic exercise

56
Q

What is the main function of the bronchi?

A

To transport air from the trachea to the lungs.

57
Q

True or False: High altitudes can decrease the efficiency of gas exchange.

A

True

58
Q

Fill in the blank: The area where gas exchange occurs in the lungs is called the __________.

A

alveolar sac

59
Q

What is the role of the intercostal muscles?

A

They assist in expanding and contracting the rib cage during breathing.

60
Q

Multiple Choice: Which gas is primarily used by cells to produce energy?

A

Oxygen

61
Q

What is the term for the amount of air that remains in the lungs after exhalation?

A

Residual volume

62
Q

True or False: The left lung is smaller than the right lung to accommodate the heart.

A

True

63
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ is the process of breaking down glucose to release energy.

A

Cellular respiration

64
Q

What is the primary function of the circulatory system in relation to gas exchange?

A

To transport oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs.

65
Q

Multiple Choice: Which condition can lead to hypoxia?

A

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

66
Q

What does the term ‘ventilation-perfusion coupling’ refer to?

A

The matching of blood flow to the area of the lungs being ventilated.

67
Q

True or False: Oxygen is primarily transported in the blood bound to hemoglobin.

A

True

68
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ is responsible for the exchange of gases in the tissues.

A

capillary network

69
Q

What is the effect of exercise on oxygen demand?

A

Exercise increases oxygen demand in the body.

Biology (28 decks)

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