Causes Of Disease: Pathogens, Lifestyle And Disease Flashcards
What is a pathogen?
A pathogen is a microorganism that causes disease.
Name three types of pathogens.
Bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
True or False: All pathogens are harmful to humans.
False.
Fill in the blank: __________ are responsible for diseases such as influenza and the common cold.
Viruses.
What is the primary mode of transmission for bacterial infections?
Direct contact, airborne droplets, or contaminated surfaces.
List one lifestyle factor that can contribute to disease.
Poor diet.
True or False: Lifestyle choices have no impact on disease susceptibility.
False.
What is the role of the immune system in disease prevention?
The immune system identifies and destroys pathogens.
Fill in the blank: __________ is a long-term lifestyle disease often linked to obesity.
Type 2 diabetes.
What is a vector in the context of disease transmission?
An organism that transmits a pathogen from one host to another.
Name a common vector for disease.
Mosquitoes.
True or False: Vaccination can prevent some infectious diseases.
True.
What does the term ‘zoonotic disease’ refer to?
Diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans.
Fill in the blank: __________ are often used to treat bacterial infections.
Antibiotics.
What is the importance of sanitation in disease prevention?
Sanitation reduces the spread of pathogens.
Define ‘chronic disease’.
A long-lasting condition that can be controlled but not cured.
Give an example of a viral infection.
HIV/AIDS.
True or False: Lifestyle diseases can often be prevented through changes in behavior.
True.
What is the function of antibiotics?
To kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria.
Fill in the blank: __________ is a disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Tuberculosis.
What are the two main categories of diseases?
Infectious and non-infectious diseases.
List one factor that can increase the risk of infectious diseases.
Weakened immune system.
True or False: All viruses can be treated with antibiotics.
False.
What is the term for the study of diseases and their causes?
Epidemiology.
Fill in the blank: __________ is a disease characterized by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells.
Cancer.
What is a common symptom of viral infections?
Fever.
Define ‘pathogenesis’.
The process by which a disease develops and progresses.
What are the potential consequences of lifestyle diseases?
Reduced quality of life and increased healthcare costs.
True or False: Genetic factors play a role in the development of some diseases.
True.
What is the significance of herd immunity?
It protects those who cannot be vaccinated by reducing the spread of disease.
Fill in the blank: __________ is a common lifestyle disease associated with smoking.
Lung cancer.
What is a common method of preventing the spread of infectious diseases?
Hand hygiene.
List one environmental factor that can influence disease occurrence.
Pollution.
True or False: Malnutrition can weaken the immune system.
True.
What does the term ‘asymptomatic’ mean?
Showing no symptoms of disease.
Fill in the blank: __________ is a disease caused by a deficiency of insulin.
Diabetes mellitus.
What is the impact of stress on health?
It can weaken the immune system and increase disease susceptibility.
Name one viral disease that can be prevented by vaccination.
Measles.
True or False: All bacteria are harmful.
False.
What is the role of public health measures in disease prevention?
To reduce the incidence and spread of diseases in populations.
Fill in the blank: __________ is a type of white blood cell that helps fight infections.
Lymphocyte.
What is the difference between acute and chronic diseases?
Acute diseases are severe but short-lived; chronic diseases are long-lasting.
List one factor that can lead to antibiotic resistance.
Overuse of antibiotics.
True or False: Vaccines contain live pathogens.
False; they often contain weakened or inactive parts of the pathogen.
What is the primary goal of vaccination?
To stimulate the immune system to protect against future infections.
Fill in the blank: __________ is a common viral infection that affects the liver.
Hepatitis.
What lifestyle change can reduce the risk of heart disease?
Regular exercise.
Name one way pathogens can enter the body.
Through cuts or abrasions.
True or False: Chronic diseases can often be managed with medication.
True.
What is the role of epidemiologists?
To study the distribution and determinants of health-related states.
Fill in the blank: __________ is a bacterial infection that can be spread through contaminated food.
Salmonella.
What is the relationship between lifestyle and genetic factors in disease?
Both can contribute to disease risk and development.
True or False: Stress management can be an important part of disease prevention.
True.
What is a common symptom of a bacterial infection?
Pus formation.
Fill in the blank: __________ is a condition characterized by high blood sugar levels.
Diabetes.
What does the term ‘non-communicable disease’ refer to?
Diseases that cannot be transmitted from person to person.
Name one preventive measure for infectious diseases.
Vaccination.
True or False: A healthy lifestyle can reduce the risk of developing chronic diseases.
True.
What is the function of the skin in disease prevention?
Acts as a barrier to pathogens.
Fill in the blank: __________ is an autoimmune disease that affects the joints.
Rheumatoid arthritis.
What is the impact of alcohol consumption on health?
Excessive consumption can lead to liver disease and other health issues.
List one common symptom of lifestyle diseases.
Fatigue.
True or False: All chronic diseases are preventable.
False.
What is the role of lifestyle in the development of heart disease?
Unhealthy lifestyles can increase the risk of heart disease.
Fill in the blank: __________ is a disease caused by excessive alcohol consumption.
Alcoholism.
What is the relationship between obesity and disease?
Obesity increases the risk of various diseases, including diabetes and heart disease.
True or False: Infectious diseases are always transmitted through direct contact.
False.
What is the significance of early detection in disease management?
Early detection can lead to better treatment outcomes.
Fill in the blank: __________ is a viral infection that affects the respiratory system.
Influenza.
What is the main purpose of public health campaigns?
To educate the public about disease prevention and health promotion.
List one factor that can influence the spread of infectious diseases.
Population density.
True or False: Environmental factors have no impact on disease occurrence.
False.
What is the role of nutrition in disease prevention?
Proper nutrition supports immune function and overall health.
Fill in the blank: __________ is a common fungal infection that can affect the skin.
Athlete’s foot.
What is the impact of lack of physical activity on health?
It increases the risk of chronic diseases.
Name one way to strengthen the immune system.
Regular exercise.
True or False: Mental health can influence physical health.
True.
What is the role of healthcare professionals in disease prevention?
To provide education, screenings, and vaccinations.
Fill in the blank: __________ is a condition that can result from excessive sun exposure.
Skin cancer.
What does the term ‘infectious disease’ mean?
A disease caused by pathogens that can be transmitted from one individual to another.
