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Biology > Causes Of Disease: Pathogens, Lifestyle And Disease > Flashcards

Causes Of Disease: Pathogens, Lifestyle And Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

A pathogen is a microorganism that causes disease.

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2
Q

Name three types of pathogens.

A

Bacteria, viruses, and fungi.

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3
Q

True or False: All pathogens are harmful to humans.

A

False.

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ are responsible for diseases such as influenza and the common cold.

A

Viruses.

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5
Q

What is the primary mode of transmission for bacterial infections?

A

Direct contact, airborne droplets, or contaminated surfaces.

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6
Q

List one lifestyle factor that can contribute to disease.

A

Poor diet.

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7
Q

True or False: Lifestyle choices have no impact on disease susceptibility.

A

False.

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8
Q

What is the role of the immune system in disease prevention?

A

The immune system identifies and destroys pathogens.

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9
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ is a long-term lifestyle disease often linked to obesity.

A

Type 2 diabetes.

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10
Q

What is a vector in the context of disease transmission?

A

An organism that transmits a pathogen from one host to another.

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11
Q

Name a common vector for disease.

A

Mosquitoes.

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12
Q

True or False: Vaccination can prevent some infectious diseases.

A

True.

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13
Q

What does the term ‘zoonotic disease’ refer to?

A

Diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans.

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14
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ are often used to treat bacterial infections.

A

Antibiotics.

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15
Q

What is the importance of sanitation in disease prevention?

A

Sanitation reduces the spread of pathogens.

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16
Q

Define ‘chronic disease’.

A

A long-lasting condition that can be controlled but not cured.

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17
Q

Give an example of a viral infection.

A

HIV/AIDS.

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18
Q

True or False: Lifestyle diseases can often be prevented through changes in behavior.

A

True.

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19
Q

What is the function of antibiotics?

A

To kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria.

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20
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ is a disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

A

Tuberculosis.

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21
Q

What are the two main categories of diseases?

A

Infectious and non-infectious diseases.

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22
Q

List one factor that can increase the risk of infectious diseases.

A

Weakened immune system.

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23
Q

True or False: All viruses can be treated with antibiotics.

A

False.

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24
Q

What is the term for the study of diseases and their causes?

A

Epidemiology.

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25
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ is a disease characterized by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells.

A

Cancer.

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26
Q

What is a common symptom of viral infections?

A

Fever.

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27
Q

Define ‘pathogenesis’.

A

The process by which a disease develops and progresses.

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28
Q

What are the potential consequences of lifestyle diseases?

A

Reduced quality of life and increased healthcare costs.

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29
Q

True or False: Genetic factors play a role in the development of some diseases.

A

True.

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30
Q

What is the significance of herd immunity?

A

It protects those who cannot be vaccinated by reducing the spread of disease.

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31
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ is a common lifestyle disease associated with smoking.

A

Lung cancer.

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32
Q

What is a common method of preventing the spread of infectious diseases?

A

Hand hygiene.

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33
Q

List one environmental factor that can influence disease occurrence.

A

Pollution.

34
Q

True or False: Malnutrition can weaken the immune system.

A

True.

35
Q

What does the term ‘asymptomatic’ mean?

A

Showing no symptoms of disease.

36
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ is a disease caused by a deficiency of insulin.

A

Diabetes mellitus.

37
Q

What is the impact of stress on health?

A

It can weaken the immune system and increase disease susceptibility.

38
Q

Name one viral disease that can be prevented by vaccination.

A

Measles.

39
Q

True or False: All bacteria are harmful.

A

False.

40
Q

What is the role of public health measures in disease prevention?

A

To reduce the incidence and spread of diseases in populations.

41
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ is a type of white blood cell that helps fight infections.

A

Lymphocyte.

42
Q

What is the difference between acute and chronic diseases?

A

Acute diseases are severe but short-lived; chronic diseases are long-lasting.

43
Q

List one factor that can lead to antibiotic resistance.

A

Overuse of antibiotics.

44
Q

True or False: Vaccines contain live pathogens.

A

False; they often contain weakened or inactive parts of the pathogen.

45
Q

What is the primary goal of vaccination?

A

To stimulate the immune system to protect against future infections.

46
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ is a common viral infection that affects the liver.

A

Hepatitis.

47
Q

What lifestyle change can reduce the risk of heart disease?

A

Regular exercise.

48
Q

Name one way pathogens can enter the body.

A

Through cuts or abrasions.

49
Q

True or False: Chronic diseases can often be managed with medication.

A

True.

50
Q

What is the role of epidemiologists?

A

To study the distribution and determinants of health-related states.

51
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ is a bacterial infection that can be spread through contaminated food.

A

Salmonella.

52
Q

What is the relationship between lifestyle and genetic factors in disease?

A

Both can contribute to disease risk and development.

53
Q

True or False: Stress management can be an important part of disease prevention.

A

True.

54
Q

What is a common symptom of a bacterial infection?

A

Pus formation.

55
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ is a condition characterized by high blood sugar levels.

A

Diabetes.

56
Q

What does the term ‘non-communicable disease’ refer to?

A

Diseases that cannot be transmitted from person to person.

57
Q

Name one preventive measure for infectious diseases.

A

Vaccination.

58
Q

True or False: A healthy lifestyle can reduce the risk of developing chronic diseases.

A

True.

59
Q

What is the function of the skin in disease prevention?

A

Acts as a barrier to pathogens.

60
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ is an autoimmune disease that affects the joints.

A

Rheumatoid arthritis.

61
Q

What is the impact of alcohol consumption on health?

A

Excessive consumption can lead to liver disease and other health issues.

62
Q

List one common symptom of lifestyle diseases.

A

Fatigue.

63
Q

True or False: All chronic diseases are preventable.

A

False.

64
Q

What is the role of lifestyle in the development of heart disease?

A

Unhealthy lifestyles can increase the risk of heart disease.

65
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ is a disease caused by excessive alcohol consumption.

A

Alcoholism.

66
Q

What is the relationship between obesity and disease?

A

Obesity increases the risk of various diseases, including diabetes and heart disease.

67
Q

True or False: Infectious diseases are always transmitted through direct contact.

A

False.

68
Q

What is the significance of early detection in disease management?

A

Early detection can lead to better treatment outcomes.

69
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ is a viral infection that affects the respiratory system.

A

Influenza.

70
Q

What is the main purpose of public health campaigns?

A

To educate the public about disease prevention and health promotion.

71
Q

List one factor that can influence the spread of infectious diseases.

A

Population density.

72
Q

True or False: Environmental factors have no impact on disease occurrence.

A

False.

73
Q

What is the role of nutrition in disease prevention?

A

Proper nutrition supports immune function and overall health.

74
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ is a common fungal infection that can affect the skin.

A

Athlete’s foot.

75
Q

What is the impact of lack of physical activity on health?

A

It increases the risk of chronic diseases.

76
Q

Name one way to strengthen the immune system.

A

Regular exercise.

77
Q

True or False: Mental health can influence physical health.

A

True.

78
Q

What is the role of healthcare professionals in disease prevention?

A

To provide education, screenings, and vaccinations.

79
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ is a condition that can result from excessive sun exposure.

A

Skin cancer.

80
Q

What does the term ‘infectious disease’ mean?

A

A disease caused by pathogens that can be transmitted from one individual to another.

Biology (28 decks)

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