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Biology > Genetic Diversity May Arise From Meiosis > Flashcards

Genetic Diversity May Arise From Meiosis Flashcards

1
Q

What is mitosis?

A

Mitosis is a process of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells from a single parent cell.

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2
Q

True or False: Mitosis contributes to genetic diversity.

A

False.

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3
Q

Fill in the blank: Mitosis is primarily responsible for _____ and growth in multicellular organisms.

A

cellular reproduction

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4
Q

What is the main purpose of mitosis?

A

The main purpose of mitosis is to produce two identical daughter cells for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction.

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5
Q

During which phase of the cell cycle does mitosis occur?

A

Mitosis occurs during the M phase of the cell cycle.

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6
Q

Name the four main stages of mitosis.

A

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase.

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7
Q

What is the term for the structure that holds sister chromatids together?

A

Centromere.

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8
Q

True or False: Genetic variation can occur during mitosis.

A

False.

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9
Q

What type of reproduction is associated with mitosis?

A

Asexual reproduction.

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10
Q

How many chromosomes does each daughter cell have after mitosis in humans?

A

46 chromosomes.

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11
Q

Fill in the blank: Mitosis is essential for _____ and tissue repair.

A

growth

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12
Q

What is the role of spindle fibers during mitosis?

A

Spindle fibers help separate the chromosomes and pull them to opposite poles of the cell.

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13
Q

Which phase of mitosis involves the alignment of chromosomes at the cell’s equatorial plate?

A

Metaphase.

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14
Q

True or False: Mitosis results in genetic variation among daughter cells.

A

False.

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15
Q

What happens during prophase?

A

During prophase, the chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes, and the nuclear envelope begins to break down.

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16
Q

Define cytokinesis.

A

Cytokinesis is the process that follows mitosis, resulting in the division of the cytoplasm and formation of two separate cells.

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17
Q

What is a clone in biological terms?

A

A clone is a genetically identical copy of an organism or cell produced through asexual reproduction, such as mitosis.

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18
Q

Fill in the blank: The process by which a single cell divides into two identical cells is called _____ .

A

mitosis

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19
Q

What marks the end of mitosis?

A

The formation of two distinct nuclei in the daughter cells marks the end of mitosis.

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20
Q

True or False: Mitosis is a mechanism for increasing genetic diversity in a population.

A

False.

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21
Q

What is the significance of mitosis in unicellular organisms?

A

In unicellular organisms, mitosis is a form of asexual reproduction, allowing the organism to reproduce and increase its population.

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22
Q

Which type of cells undergo mitosis?

A

Somatic cells undergo mitosis.

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23
Q

What role does the mitotic spindle play?

A

The mitotic spindle is responsible for separating the chromosomes during cell division.

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24
Q

Fill in the blank: Mitosis results in _____ daughter cells.

A

two identical

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25
Q

What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

A

Mitosis produces identical daughter cells for growth and repair, while meiosis produces genetically diverse gametes for sexual reproduction.

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26
Q

True or False: Mitosis occurs in all types of cells.

A

False, it does not occur in gametes.

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27
Q

What happens during anaphase?

A

During anaphase, the sister chromatids are pulled apart and move towards opposite poles of the cell.

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28
Q

Define genetic diversity.

A

Genetic diversity refers to the total number of genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species.

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29
Q

What is the role of telophase in mitosis?

A

In telophase, the separated chromosomes reach the poles, the nuclear envelope reforms, and the chromosomes begin to de-condense.

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30
Q

Fill in the blank: Mitosis is a form of _____ reproduction.

A

asexual

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31
Q

What is one way genetic diversity can arise in a population?

A

Genetic diversity can arise from sexual reproduction, which involves meiosis.

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32
Q

True or False: The daughter cells produced by mitosis are haploid.

A

False, they are diploid.

33
Q

What is chromatin?

A

Chromatin is the material that makes up chromosomes, consisting of DNA and protein.

34
Q

What is the function of the nuclear envelope?

A

The nuclear envelope encloses the nucleus and separates it from the cytoplasm.

35
Q

Fill in the blank: The term _____ refers to the genetic makeup of an organism.

A

genotype

36
Q

What is the outcome of mitosis in terms of chromosome number?

A

The outcome of mitosis is that the daughter cells have the same chromosome number as the parent cell.

37
Q

Define asexual reproduction.

A

Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that does not involve the fusion of gametes and results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.

38
Q

What is the role of checkpoints in the cell cycle?

A

Checkpoints regulate the progression of the cell cycle and ensure that the cell is ready to proceed to the next phase.

39
Q

True or False: Mitosis is essential for multicellular organisms.

A

True.

40
Q

What happens during the S phase of the cell cycle?

A

During the S phase, DNA is replicated, resulting in two identical copies of each chromosome.

41
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ phase of mitosis is characterized by the division of the cytoplasm.

A

cytokinesis

42
Q

What is the significance of genetic diversity in a population?

A

Genetic diversity increases the adaptability and survival of a population in changing environments.

43
Q

What type of cells are produced by meiosis?

A

Gametes (sperm and egg cells) are produced by meiosis.

44
Q

Fill in the blank: Mitosis produces _____ cells that are genetically identical to each other.

A

daughter

45
Q

What is a karyotype?

A

A karyotype is a visual representation of an individual’s chromosomes, organized by size and shape.

46
Q

True or False: Mitosis can occur without the presence of a nucleus.

A

False.

47
Q

What is the role of DNA polymerase during DNA replication?

A

DNA polymerase synthesizes new strands of DNA by adding nucleotides complementary to the template strand.

48
Q

Fill in the blank: The chromosomal arrangement during metaphase is referred to as the _____ plate.

A

metaphase

49
Q

What is the difference in chromosome number between somatic cells and gametes?

A

Somatic cells are diploid (2n), while gametes are haploid (n).

50
Q

True or False: Genetic diversity can be increased through mutations.

A

True.

51
Q

What is the significance of the G1 phase in the cell cycle?

A

The G1 phase is crucial for cell growth and preparation for DNA synthesis.

52
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ checkpoint ensures that DNA is replicated correctly before mitosis.

A

G2

53
Q

What structure forms during telophase?

A

The nuclear envelope reforms around each set of chromosomes.

54
Q

What is the primary function of the cell cycle?

A

The primary function of the cell cycle is to regulate cell growth, DNA replication, and cell division.

55
Q

True or False: Mitosis is a process that involves two rounds of cell division.

A

False.

56
Q

What is the result of a mutation during DNA replication?

A

A mutation can lead to a change in the DNA sequence, potentially affecting protein function.

57
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ phase is where the cell prepares for division after DNA replication.

A

G2

58
Q

What is the primary difference between mitosis and binary fission?

A

Mitosis is a process in eukaryotic cells, while binary fission is a simpler form of division in prokaryotic cells.

59
Q

What is the role of the centrioles during mitosis?

A

Centrioles help organize the mitotic spindle and are involved in the separation of chromosomes.

60
Q

True or False: Mitosis can lead to the development of tumors if not properly regulated.

A

True.

61
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ phase is the longest phase of mitosis.

A

prophase

62
Q

What is the purpose of the G0 phase?

A

The G0 phase is a resting state where cells exit the cell cycle and do not actively divide.

63
Q

What happens if a cell fails to pass the G1 checkpoint?

A

If a cell fails to pass the G1 checkpoint, it may enter the G0 phase or undergo apoptosis.

64
Q

Fill in the blank: Cytokinesis in animal cells is achieved through the formation of a _____ furrow.

A

cleavage

65
Q

What is the role of histones in DNA packaging?

A

Histones are proteins that help condense DNA into a compact structure, forming nucleosomes.

66
Q

True or False: Mitosis is more complex in prokaryotic cells than in eukaryotic cells.

A

False.

67
Q

What is the outcome of mitosis in terms of genetic makeup?

A

The outcome of mitosis is that the daughter cells are genetically identical to the parent cell.

68
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ phase is characterized by the physical separation of sister chromatids.

A

anaphase

69
Q

What does the term ‘diploid’ mean?

A

Diploid refers to a cell that contains two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

70
Q

What is the main consequence of uncontrolled mitosis?

A

Uncontrolled mitosis can lead to cancer and the formation of tumors.

71
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ phase is when the cell grows and synthesizes proteins needed for DNA replication.

A

G1

72
Q

True or False: Mitosis is responsible for the genetic variation seen in offspring.

A

False.

73
Q

What is the role of the p53 protein in the cell cycle?

A

The p53 protein acts as a tumor suppressor, regulating the cell cycle and preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.

74
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ is the complete set of chromosomes in an organism.

A

genome

75
Q

What is the role of the cell membrane during mitosis?

A

The cell membrane helps to define the boundaries of the cell, and during cytokinesis, it assists in the separation of daughter cells.

76
Q

True or False: Mitosis occurs in both somatic and germ cells.

A

False, it occurs only in somatic cells.

77
Q

What is the significance of the S phase in the cell cycle?

A

The S phase is significant because it is when DNA is replicated, ensuring that each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes.

78
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ checkpoint ensures that all chromosomes are attached to the spindle before anaphase begins.

A

spindle

Biology (28 decks)

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