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Genetic Diversity May Arise From Meiosis Flashcards

1
Q

What is mitosis?

A

Mitosis is a process of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells from a single parent cell.

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2
Q

True or False: Mitosis contributes to genetic diversity.

A

False.

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3
Q

Fill in the blank: Mitosis is primarily responsible for _____ and growth in multicellular organisms.

A

cellular reproduction

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4
Q

What is the main purpose of mitosis?

A

The main purpose of mitosis is to produce two identical daughter cells for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction.

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5
Q

During which phase of the cell cycle does mitosis occur?

A

Mitosis occurs during the M phase of the cell cycle.

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6
Q

Name the four main stages of mitosis.

A

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase.

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7
Q

What is the term for the structure that holds sister chromatids together?

A

Centromere.

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8
Q

True or False: Genetic variation can occur during mitosis.

A

False.

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9
Q

What type of reproduction is associated with mitosis?

A

Asexual reproduction.

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10
Q

How many chromosomes does each daughter cell have after mitosis in humans?

A

46 chromosomes.

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11
Q

Fill in the blank: Mitosis is essential for _____ and tissue repair.

A

growth

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12
Q

What is the role of spindle fibers during mitosis?

A

Spindle fibers help separate the chromosomes and pull them to opposite poles of the cell.

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13
Q

Which phase of mitosis involves the alignment of chromosomes at the cell’s equatorial plate?

A

Metaphase.

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14
Q

True or False: Mitosis results in genetic variation among daughter cells.

A

False.

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15
Q

What happens during prophase?

A

During prophase, the chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes, and the nuclear envelope begins to break down.

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16
Q

Define cytokinesis.

A

Cytokinesis is the process that follows mitosis, resulting in the division of the cytoplasm and formation of two separate cells.

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17
Q

What is a clone in biological terms?

A

A clone is a genetically identical copy of an organism or cell produced through asexual reproduction, such as mitosis.

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18
Q

Fill in the blank: The process by which a single cell divides into two identical cells is called _____ .

A

mitosis

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19
Q

What marks the end of mitosis?

A

The formation of two distinct nuclei in the daughter cells marks the end of mitosis.

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20
Q

True or False: Mitosis is a mechanism for increasing genetic diversity in a population.

A

False.

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21
Q

What is the significance of mitosis in unicellular organisms?

A

In unicellular organisms, mitosis is a form of asexual reproduction, allowing the organism to reproduce and increase its population.

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22
Q

Which type of cells undergo mitosis?

A

Somatic cells undergo mitosis.

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23
Q

What role does the mitotic spindle play?

A

The mitotic spindle is responsible for separating the chromosomes during cell division.

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24
Q

Fill in the blank: Mitosis results in _____ daughter cells.

A

two identical

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25
What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?
Mitosis produces identical daughter cells for growth and repair, while meiosis produces genetically diverse gametes for sexual reproduction.
26
True or False: Mitosis occurs in all types of cells.
False, it does not occur in gametes.
27
What happens during anaphase?
During anaphase, the sister chromatids are pulled apart and move towards opposite poles of the cell.
28
Define genetic diversity.
Genetic diversity refers to the total number of genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species.
29
What is the role of telophase in mitosis?
In telophase, the separated chromosomes reach the poles, the nuclear envelope reforms, and the chromosomes begin to de-condense.
30
Fill in the blank: Mitosis is a form of _____ reproduction.
asexual
31
What is one way genetic diversity can arise in a population?
Genetic diversity can arise from sexual reproduction, which involves meiosis.
32
True or False: The daughter cells produced by mitosis are haploid.
False, they are diploid.
33
What is chromatin?
Chromatin is the material that makes up chromosomes, consisting of DNA and protein.
34
What is the function of the nuclear envelope?
The nuclear envelope encloses the nucleus and separates it from the cytoplasm.
35
Fill in the blank: The term _____ refers to the genetic makeup of an organism.
genotype
36
What is the outcome of mitosis in terms of chromosome number?
The outcome of mitosis is that the daughter cells have the same chromosome number as the parent cell.
37
Define asexual reproduction.
Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that does not involve the fusion of gametes and results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.
38
What is the role of checkpoints in the cell cycle?
Checkpoints regulate the progression of the cell cycle and ensure that the cell is ready to proceed to the next phase.
39
True or False: Mitosis is essential for multicellular organisms.
True.
40
What happens during the S phase of the cell cycle?
During the S phase, DNA is replicated, resulting in two identical copies of each chromosome.
41
Fill in the blank: The _____ phase of mitosis is characterized by the division of the cytoplasm.
cytokinesis
42
What is the significance of genetic diversity in a population?
Genetic diversity increases the adaptability and survival of a population in changing environments.
43
What type of cells are produced by meiosis?
Gametes (sperm and egg cells) are produced by meiosis.
44
Fill in the blank: Mitosis produces _____ cells that are genetically identical to each other.
daughter
45
What is a karyotype?
A karyotype is a visual representation of an individual's chromosomes, organized by size and shape.
46
True or False: Mitosis can occur without the presence of a nucleus.
False.
47
What is the role of DNA polymerase during DNA replication?
DNA polymerase synthesizes new strands of DNA by adding nucleotides complementary to the template strand.
48
Fill in the blank: The chromosomal arrangement during metaphase is referred to as the _____ plate.
metaphase
49
What is the difference in chromosome number between somatic cells and gametes?
Somatic cells are diploid (2n), while gametes are haploid (n).
50
True or False: Genetic diversity can be increased through mutations.
True.
51
What is the significance of the G1 phase in the cell cycle?
The G1 phase is crucial for cell growth and preparation for DNA synthesis.
52
Fill in the blank: The _____ checkpoint ensures that DNA is replicated correctly before mitosis.
G2
53
What structure forms during telophase?
The nuclear envelope reforms around each set of chromosomes.
54
What is the primary function of the cell cycle?
The primary function of the cell cycle is to regulate cell growth, DNA replication, and cell division.
55
True or False: Mitosis is a process that involves two rounds of cell division.
False.
56
What is the result of a mutation during DNA replication?
A mutation can lead to a change in the DNA sequence, potentially affecting protein function.
57
Fill in the blank: The _____ phase is where the cell prepares for division after DNA replication.
G2
58
What is the primary difference between mitosis and binary fission?
Mitosis is a process in eukaryotic cells, while binary fission is a simpler form of division in prokaryotic cells.
59
What is the role of the centrioles during mitosis?
Centrioles help organize the mitotic spindle and are involved in the separation of chromosomes.
60
True or False: Mitosis can lead to the development of tumors if not properly regulated.
True.
61
Fill in the blank: The _____ phase is the longest phase of mitosis.
prophase
62
What is the purpose of the G0 phase?
The G0 phase is a resting state where cells exit the cell cycle and do not actively divide.
63
What happens if a cell fails to pass the G1 checkpoint?
If a cell fails to pass the G1 checkpoint, it may enter the G0 phase or undergo apoptosis.
64
Fill in the blank: Cytokinesis in animal cells is achieved through the formation of a _____ furrow.
cleavage
65
What is the role of histones in DNA packaging?
Histones are proteins that help condense DNA into a compact structure, forming nucleosomes.
66
True or False: Mitosis is more complex in prokaryotic cells than in eukaryotic cells.
False.
67
What is the outcome of mitosis in terms of genetic makeup?
The outcome of mitosis is that the daughter cells are genetically identical to the parent cell.
68
Fill in the blank: The _____ phase is characterized by the physical separation of sister chromatids.
anaphase
69
What does the term 'diploid' mean?
Diploid refers to a cell that contains two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.
70
What is the main consequence of uncontrolled mitosis?
Uncontrolled mitosis can lead to cancer and the formation of tumors.
71
Fill in the blank: The _____ phase is when the cell grows and synthesizes proteins needed for DNA replication.
G1
72
True or False: Mitosis is responsible for the genetic variation seen in offspring.
False.
73
What is the role of the p53 protein in the cell cycle?
The p53 protein acts as a tumor suppressor, regulating the cell cycle and preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
74
Fill in the blank: The _____ is the complete set of chromosomes in an organism.
genome
75
What is the role of the cell membrane during mitosis?
The cell membrane helps to define the boundaries of the cell, and during cytokinesis, it assists in the separation of daughter cells.
76
True or False: Mitosis occurs in both somatic and germ cells.
False, it occurs only in somatic cells.
77
What is the significance of the S phase in the cell cycle?
The S phase is significant because it is when DNA is replicated, ensuring that each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes.
78
Fill in the blank: The _____ checkpoint ensures that all chromosomes are attached to the spindle before anaphase begins.
spindle

Biology (31 decks)

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