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Biology > HIV > Flashcards

HIV Flashcards

1
Q

What does HIV stand for?

A

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

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2
Q

True or False: HIV can be transmitted through saliva.

A

False

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3
Q

What type of virus is HIV?

A

Retrovirus

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: HIV primarily infects _____ cells.

A

CD4 T cells

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5
Q

What is the main effect of HIV on the immune system?

A

It weakens the immune system by destroying CD4 T cells.

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6
Q

What does AIDS stand for?

A

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

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7
Q

True or False: All individuals infected with HIV will develop AIDS.

A

False

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8
Q

How is HIV primarily transmitted?

A

Through unprotected sexual contact, sharing needles, and from mother to child.

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9
Q

What is the role of reverse transcriptase in HIV?

A

It converts viral RNA into DNA.

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10
Q

What is the typical window period for HIV testing?

A

3 to 12 weeks after exposure.

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11
Q

True or False: HIV can be cured.

A

False

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12
Q

What are the stages of HIV infection?

A

Acute HIV infection, clinical latency, and AIDS.

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13
Q

Fill in the blank: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is used to _____ the progression of HIV.

A

slow

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14
Q

What is the function of CD4 T cells in the immune system?

A

They help coordinate the immune response.

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15
Q

How can HIV be prevented?

A

Using condoms, taking pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), and avoiding sharing needles.

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16
Q

What is the purpose of an HIV viral load test?

A

To measure the amount of HIV in the blood.

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17
Q

True or False: People with HIV can live long, healthy lives with treatment.

A

True

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18
Q

What is the significance of the CD4 count in HIV patients?

A

It indicates the health of the immune system.

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19
Q

What is the primary treatment for HIV infection?

A

Antiretroviral therapy (ART)

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20
Q

Fill in the blank: HIV can remain dormant in the body for _____ years.

A

several

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21
Q

What is a common opportunistic infection associated with AIDS?

A

Pneumocystis pneumonia

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22
Q

True or False: HIV can survive outside the human body for long periods.

A

False

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23
Q

What is the role of protease inhibitors in HIV treatment?

A

They prevent viral replication.

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24
Q

What kind of test is used to detect HIV antibodies?

A

ELISA test

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25
Q

Fill in the blank: HIV is classified as a _____ virus.

A

RNA

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26
Q

What is the difference between HIV and AIDS?

A

HIV is the virus that causes AIDS, which is the syndrome resulting from advanced HIV infection.

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27
Q

What is the role of integrase in the HIV life cycle?

A

It integrates viral DNA into the host cell’s genome.

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28
Q

True or False: HIV can be transmitted through casual contact.

A

False

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29
Q

What does PrEP stand for?

A

Pre-exposure prophylaxis

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30
Q

Fill in the blank: The main goal of ART is to achieve an undetectable _____ level.

A

viral

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31
Q

What is the purpose of the HIV rapid test?

A

To provide quick results for HIV infection.

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32
Q

What is a common symptom of acute HIV infection?

A

Flu-like symptoms

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33
Q

What is the effect of HIV on the CD4 count?

A

It decreases the CD4 count.

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34
Q

True or False: HIV can be transmitted from mother to child during childbirth.

A

True

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35
Q

What is the purpose of a CD4 count test?

A

To monitor the immune system status in HIV patients.

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36
Q

Fill in the blank: The most effective way to prevent HIV transmission during sex is to use _____.

A

condoms

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37
Q

What is the role of the immune system in fighting HIV?

A

It attempts to destroy infected cells and produce antibodies.

38
Q

What is the name of the test that measures the HIV RNA level in the blood?

A

Viral load test

39
Q

True or False: HIV can be transmitted through breast milk.

40
Q

What are the two main types of HIV?

A

HIV-1 and HIV-2

41
Q

Fill in the blank: Antiretroviral therapy can lead to _____ suppression of the virus.

42
Q

What is a common side effect of antiretroviral medications?

43
Q

What does the term ‘undetectable’ mean in the context of HIV?

A

The viral load is so low that it cannot be detected by standard tests.

44
Q

What is the term for the period after HIV infection when the virus is actively replicating?

A

Acute HIV infection

45
Q

True or False: HIV can be spread through sharing food or drinks.

46
Q

What is the primary mode of HIV transmission among men who have sex with men?

A

Anal intercourse

47
Q

Fill in the blank: The first step in the HIV life cycle is _____ to a host cell.

A

attachment

48
Q

What is the importance of early diagnosis of HIV?

A

It allows for timely treatment and monitoring of the disease.

49
Q

What is the significance of the ‘90-90-90’ targets in HIV treatment?

A

90% of people living with HIV will know their status, 90% of those diagnosed will be on treatment, and 90% of those on treatment will achieve viral suppression.

50
Q

True or False: HIV can remain dormant for years without causing symptoms.

51
Q

What is the function of the outer envelope of the HIV virus?

A

It helps the virus enter host cells.

52
Q

Fill in the blank: A common method to test for HIV is through a _____ test.

53
Q

What is a significant challenge in developing an HIV vaccine?

A

The virus mutates rapidly.

54
Q

What does the term ‘viral load’ refer to?

A

The amount of HIV in the blood.

55
Q

True or False: All HIV-positive individuals will develop symptoms within a year.

56
Q

What is the primary goal of HIV treatment?

A

To maintain a low viral load and prevent progression to AIDS.

57
Q

What is the role of the immune response in the progression of HIV?

A

A weakened immune response allows the virus to replicate and spread.

58
Q

Fill in the blank: The HIV virus primarily targets _____ cells.

59
Q

What is the key to preventing HIV transmission during childbirth?

A

Administering antiretroviral drugs to the mother.

60
Q

True or False: HIV can be transmitted through insect bites.

61
Q

What is the name of the protein that HIV uses to enter host cells?

62
Q

What is a common psychosocial impact of living with HIV?

A

Stigma and discrimination

63
Q

Fill in the blank: HIV-positive individuals should have regular _____ checks.

64
Q

What is the relationship between HIV and tuberculosis?

A

HIV increases the risk of developing tuberculosis.

65
Q

True or False: People with HIV have a higher risk of certain cancers.

66
Q

What is the importance of adherence to ART?

A

It ensures effective viral suppression and prevents resistance.

67
Q

What does the term ‘seroconversion’ mean?

A

The period during which HIV antibodies develop in response to the infection.

68
Q

Fill in the blank: Regular _____ is essential for managing HIV.

A

monitoring

69
Q

What is the impact of HIV on global health?

A

It remains a significant public health challenge worldwide.

70
Q

True or False: HIV testing is recommended for all sexually active individuals.

71
Q

What is the role of healthcare providers in managing HIV?

A

To provide testing, treatment, and support for patients.

72
Q

What is the relationship between HIV and the common cold?

A

HIV does not cause the common cold, but it can weaken the immune response to infections.

73
Q

Fill in the blank: The main route of HIV transmission among intravenous drug users is through _____ sharing.

74
Q

What is the purpose of HIV education and awareness programs?

A

To reduce stigma and promote prevention and testing.

75
Q

True or False: Individuals with HIV can safely donate blood.

76
Q

What is the role of community support in the lives of people with HIV?

A

It provides emotional and practical assistance.

77
Q

What is the function of the HIV envelope protein?

A

It aids in the attachment and entry of the virus into host cells.

78
Q

Fill in the blank: The term ‘HIV-positive’ indicates that a person has been _____ with the virus.

79
Q

What is the significance of the term ‘opportunistic infections’ in HIV?

A

Infections that occur more frequently and are more severe in individuals with weakened immune systems.

80
Q

True or False: HIV can be transmitted through sharing razors.

81
Q

What does the term ‘long-term non-progressors’ refer to in HIV research?

A

Individuals who remain HIV-positive but do not progress to AIDS.

82
Q

Fill in the blank: The presence of HIV in the body can lead to _____ complications.

83
Q

What is the role of counseling in HIV management?

A

To support mental health and adherence to treatment.

84
Q

True or False: The majority of people living with HIV are located in developed countries.

85
Q

What is the importance of safe sex practices in preventing HIV?

A

They reduce the risk of transmission.

86
Q

Fill in the blank: Regular _____ can help detect HIV early.

87
Q

What is the relationship between HIV and fertility?

A

HIV can affect fertility, but many people with HIV can conceive with proper management.

88
Q

True or False: HIV treatment can lead to a normal life expectancy.

89
Q

What is the role of vaccines in HIV prevention?

A

Currently, there is no effective vaccine for HIV.

90
Q

Fill in the blank: HIV primarily affects the _____ system.

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