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Biology > Transport In And Out Of The Cell > Flashcards

Transport In And Out Of The Cell Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?

A

To act as a barrier that regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

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2
Q

True or False: The plasma membrane is selectively permeable.

A

True.

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3
Q

What are the main components of the plasma membrane?

A

Phospholipids, proteins, cholesterol, and carbohydrates.

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ model describes the structure of the plasma membrane.

A

Fluid mosaic.

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5
Q

What is diffusion?

A

The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

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6
Q

Which type of transport does not require energy?

A

Passive transport.

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7
Q

What is osmosis?

A

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

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8
Q

True or False: Active transport requires energy in the form of ATP.

A

True.

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9
Q

What is facilitated diffusion?

A

The process of passive transport of molecules across the plasma membrane via specific transmembrane proteins.

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10
Q

What role do channel proteins play in transport?

A

They provide passageways for ions and small molecules to cross the membrane.

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11
Q

Define active transport.

A

The movement of molecules against their concentration gradient, requiring energy.

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12
Q

What is endocytosis?

A

The process by which cells internalize substances from their external environment.

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13
Q

What is exocytosis?

A

The process by which cells release substances to the external environment.

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14
Q

Fill in the blank: The sodium-potassium pump is an example of _______ transport.

A

Active.

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15
Q

What is the main purpose of the sodium-potassium pump?

A

To maintain the electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane.

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16
Q

True or False: Concentration gradient refers to the difference in concentration of a substance across a space.

A

True.

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17
Q

What is a hypertonic solution?

A

A solution with a higher solute concentration compared to another solution.

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18
Q

What happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution?

A

The cell swells as water enters due to osmosis.

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19
Q

Define isotonic solution.

A

A solution with the same solute concentration as another solution, resulting in no net movement of water.

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20
Q

What is the role of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

A

To provide stability and fluidity to the membrane.

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21
Q

True or False: Carrier proteins change shape to transport substances across the membrane.

A

True.

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22
Q

What is the function of glycoproteins in the plasma membrane?

A

To serve as recognition sites for cell signaling and communication.

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23
Q

Fill in the blank: The process by which a cell engulfs large particles is called _______.

A

Phagocytosis.

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24
Q

What is pinocytosis?

A

The process by which a cell takes in liquid from the surrounding environment.

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25
Q

What is the difference between passive and active transport?

A

Passive transport does not require energy, while active transport does.

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26
Q

Define osmoregulation.

A

The process by which organisms regulate the water and solute concentrations in their bodies.

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27
Q

What role do aquaporins play in cells?

A

They facilitate the rapid transport of water across the plasma membrane.

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28
Q

What is the function of the cell wall in plant cells?

A

To provide structure and support, and to protect the cell.

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29
Q

True or False: Animal cells have a rigid cell wall.

A

False.

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30
Q

What effect does a hypotonic solution have on plant cells?

A

It causes them to become turgid due to water uptake.

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31
Q

What is plasmolysis?

A

The process in which cells lose water in a hypertonic solution, causing the cell membrane to pull away from the cell wall.

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32
Q

What is the role of the cytoskeleton in transport?

A

To provide structural support and facilitate the movement of organelles and vesicles within the cell.

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33
Q

Define receptor-mediated endocytosis.

A

A process in which cells internalize specific molecules based on their binding to receptors on the cell surface.

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34
Q

What is the significance of membrane potential?

A

It is the voltage difference across a membrane, crucial for processes like nerve impulse transmission.

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35
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ gradient is essential for the functioning of nerve cells.

A

Electrochemical.

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36
Q

What is the function of transport proteins?

A

To assist in the movement of substances across the plasma membrane.

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37
Q

True or False: Lipid-soluble molecules can easily pass through the plasma membrane.

A

True.

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38
Q

What is the role of the endoplasmic reticulum in transport?

A

To synthesize and transport proteins and lipids within the cell.

39
Q

Define bulk transport.

A

The movement of large quantities of materials into or out of a cell via vesicles.

40
Q

What is the difference between phagocytosis and pinocytosis?

A

Phagocytosis involves the uptake of large particles, while pinocytosis involves the uptake of liquids.

41
Q

What happens to red blood cells in a saline solution?

A

They remain isotonic and maintain their shape.

42
Q

Fill in the blank: The process of moving substances out of the cell is called _______.

A

Exocytosis.

43
Q

What is the primary role of the Golgi apparatus in cellular transport?

A

To modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

44
Q

True or False: Active transport can move substances against their concentration gradient.

A

True.

45
Q

What is the importance of cell signaling in transport?

A

It allows cells to respond appropriately to changes in their environment and communicate with each other.

46
Q

What is the role of endosomes in cellular transport?

A

To sort and transport materials that have been internalized by endocytosis.

47
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ is a network of protein filaments that helps maintain cell shape and aids in transport.

A

Cytoskeleton.

48
Q

What is the function of lysosomes in a cell?

A

To break down waste materials and cellular debris.

49
Q

What is the significance of receptor proteins on the cell surface?

A

They bind specific molecules (ligands) and initiate cellular responses.

50
Q

Define co-transport.

A

The simultaneous transport of two substances across a membrane in the same or opposite direction.

51
Q

What is the role of the nuclear membrane in transport?

A

To regulate the movement of substances between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.

52
Q

True or False: All transport across the plasma membrane is mediated by proteins.

A

False.

53
Q

What is a concentration gradient?

A

The difference in concentration of a substance between two areas.

54
Q

Fill in the blank: _______ transport requires membrane proteins to facilitate the movement of substances.

A

Facilitated.

55
Q

What is the function of transport vesicles?

A

To transport materials between different organelles and to the plasma membrane.

56
Q

What occurs during the process of depolarization in nerve cells?

A

The membrane potential becomes less negative, allowing for the transmission of nerve impulses.

57
Q

Define the term ‘selective permeability’.

A

The ability of a membrane to allow certain molecules to pass while blocking others.

58
Q

What is the role of the plasma membrane in cellular communication?

A

It contains receptors that allow cells to receive signals from their environment.

59
Q

True or False: Water can diffuse through the phospholipid bilayer without assistance.

A

True, though slowly; it can also use aquaporins for faster transport.

60
Q

What are the two main types of transport mechanisms?

A

Passive transport and active transport.

61
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ is a structure that surrounds and protects plant cells.

A

Cell wall.

62
Q

What is a hypotonic solution’s effect on animal cells?

A

It causes them to swell and potentially burst due to water intake.

63
Q

What are integral proteins?

A

Proteins that are embedded within the lipid bilayer and can span across the membrane.

64
Q

What is a ligand?

A

A molecule that binds to a specific site on a receptor protein.

65
Q

Define simple diffusion.

A

The movement of small or nonpolar molecules directly through the phospholipid bilayer.

66
Q

What is the process called when a cell expels waste?

A

Exocytosis.

67
Q

True or False: Carrier proteins can only transport one type of molecule at a time.

A

False; some can transport multiple types.

68
Q

What is the significance of membrane fluidity?

A

It allows for the movement of proteins and lipids within the membrane, facilitating transport and signaling.

69
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ protein is involved in the movement of glucose across the plasma membrane.

A

GLUT.

70
Q

What happens to a cell placed in a hypertonic solution?

A

It shrinks as water exits the cell.

71
Q

Define cytosis.

A

The process of vesicle-mediated transport in and out of cells.

72
Q

What is the primary role of the mitochondria in cellular transport?

A

To produce ATP, which is used for active transport processes.

73
Q

True or False: All types of transport across the cell membrane require energy.

A

False; only active transport requires energy.

74
Q

What is the role of the plasma membrane in maintaining homeostasis?

A

It regulates the internal environment of the cell by controlling substance entry and exit.

75
Q

Fill in the blank: _______ is a type of passive transport that involves the movement of water.

A

Osmosis.

76
Q

What are peripheral proteins?

A

Proteins that are loosely attached to the outer or inner surface of the membrane.

77
Q

What is the function of signal transduction pathways?

A

To transmit signals from the outside of the cell to the inside, leading to a cellular response.

78
Q

Define exocytosis.

A

The process by which a cell expels materials in vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane.

79
Q

What is the function of the plasma membrane’s carbohydrate layer?

A

To provide protection and aid in cell recognition and signaling.

80
Q

What is the role of the cytoplasm in transport?

A

To provide a medium for the movement of materials and organelles within the cell.

81
Q

True or False: The concentration of a substance can affect the rate of diffusion.

A

True.

82
Q

What is the process of moving large particles into the cell called?

A

Phagocytosis.

83
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ is a network of membranes involved in the synthesis of proteins and lipids.

A

Endoplasmic reticulum.

84
Q

What is the importance of the resting membrane potential?

A

It is crucial for the function of excitable cells like neurons and muscle cells.

85
Q

What is the role of the vesicles in endocytosis?

A

To enclose and transport materials into the cell.

86
Q

Define membrane potential.

A

The electrical potential difference across a cell membrane.

87
Q

What is the primary function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

To synthesize and process proteins that are secreted or incorporated into membranes.

88
Q

True or False: Molecules move randomly across the membrane due to kinetic energy.

A

True.

89
Q

What is the main difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion?

A

Simple diffusion does not require a protein, while facilitated diffusion does.

90
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ maintains the internal environment of the cell through selective permeability.

A

Plasma membrane.

91
Q

What role does calcium play in cellular transport?

A

It acts as a signaling molecule and is involved in various transport processes.

92
Q

What is the effect of temperature on diffusion rates?

A

Higher temperatures increase the rate of diffusion.

93
Q

What is the significance of osmotic pressure?

A

It drives the movement of water across membranes and influences cell volume.

94
Q

Fill in the blank: _______ is the process by which cells take in nutrients and fluids.

A

Endocytosis.

Biology (28 decks)

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