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Biology > Biological Molecules > Flashcards

Biological Molecules Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four main types of biological molecules?

A

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

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2
Q

True or False: Enzymes are a type of carbohydrate.

A

False.

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3
Q

Fill in the blank: The monomers of proteins are called __________.

A

amino acids.

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4
Q

What is the primary function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

A

To provide and store energy.

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5
Q

Which type of lipid is responsible for forming cell membranes?

A

Phospholipids.

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6
Q

What is the process called when two amino acids bond together?

A

Peptide bond formation.

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7
Q

Multiple choice: Which of the following is a disaccharide? A) Glucose B) Fructose C) Sucrose D) Glycogen

A

C) Sucrose.

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8
Q

What is the role of nucleic acids in cells?

A

To store and transmit genetic information.

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9
Q

True or False: All enzymes are proteins.

A

True.

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: The basic unit of a carbohydrate is called a __________.

A

monosaccharide.

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11
Q

What is the function of triglycerides in the body?

A

To store energy and provide insulation.

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12
Q

What type of bond is formed between sugar and phosphate in a nucleic acid?

A

Phosphodiester bond.

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13
Q

Multiple choice: Which of the following is an example of a polysaccharide? A) Lactose B) Starch C) Glucose D) Ribose

A

B) Starch.

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14
Q

What is the structure of DNA?

A

A double helix.

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15
Q

True or False: Lipids are soluble in water.

A

False.

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16
Q

Fill in the blank: The sequence of nucleotides in DNA determines the __________ of a protein.

A

amino acid sequence.

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17
Q

What are the two main types of nucleic acids?

A

DNA and RNA.

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18
Q

Multiple choice: Which component is NOT part of an amino acid? A) Amino group B) Carboxyl group C) Phosphate group D) R group

A

C) Phosphate group.

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19
Q

What is the main storage form of glucose in animals?

A

Glycogen.

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20
Q

True or False: Saturated fats contain double bonds between carbon atoms.

A

False.

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21
Q

Fill in the blank: The process of breaking down glucose to release energy is called __________.

A

cellular respiration.

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22
Q

What is the function of enzymes in biochemical reactions?

A

To act as catalysts and speed up reactions.

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23
Q

Multiple choice: Which of the following is a function of proteins? A) Energy storage B) Catalyzing reactions C) Genetic information D) All of the above

A

B) Catalyzing reactions.

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24
Q

What is the primary structure of a protein?

A

The sequence of amino acids.

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25
Q

True or False: RNA is double-stranded.

A

False.

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26
Q

Fill in the blank: The building blocks of lipids are __________.

A

fatty acids and glycerol.

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27
Q

What is the role of RNA in protein synthesis?

A

To carry the genetic code from DNA to the ribosomes.

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28
Q

Multiple choice: Which type of molecule serves as the genetic blueprint? A) Protein B) Lipid C) Nucleic acid D) Carbohydrate

A

C) Nucleic acid.

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29
Q

What type of bond is formed between fatty acids and glycerol in lipids?

A

Ester bond.

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30
Q

True or False: Enzymes can be reused after a reaction.

A

True.

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31
Q

Fill in the blank: The process of converting mRNA into a protein is called __________.

A

translation.

32
Q

What are the two types of secondary structures in proteins?

A

Alpha helices and beta sheets.

33
Q

Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates? A) Energy source B) Structural support C) Hormone regulation D) Cell recognition

A

C) Hormone regulation.

34
Q

What type of reaction forms polymers from monomers?

A

Dehydration synthesis.

35
Q

True or False: Phospholipids are amphipathic molecules.

A

True.

36
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ structure of a protein is formed by the interactions between R groups.

A

tertiary.

37
Q

What is the main difference between DNA and RNA?

A

DNA is double-stranded and contains thymine, while RNA is single-stranded and contains uracil.

38
Q

Multiple choice: Which of the following is a function of lipids? A) Insulation B) Energy storage C) Cell membrane structure D) All of the above

A

D) All of the above.

39
Q

What is the term for the specific region of an enzyme where the substrate binds?

A

Active site.

40
Q

True or False: All amino acids are identical in structure.

A

False.

41
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ model explains how enzymes work by changing shape when substrates bind.

A

induced fit.

42
Q

What are glycoproteins?

A

Proteins that have carbohydrate groups attached to them.

43
Q

Multiple choice: Which carbohydrate is used by plants for energy storage? A) Glycogen B) Starch C) Cellulose D) Sucrose

A

B) Starch.

44
Q

What type of reaction breaks down polymers into monomers?

A

Hydrolysis.

45
Q

True or False: Proteins can function as antibodies.

A

True.

46
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ structure of a protein is determined by the sequence of amino acids.

A

primary.

47
Q

What is the role of cholesterol in cell membranes?

A

To maintain membrane fluidity.

48
Q

Multiple choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of saturated fats? A) They are solid at room temperature B) They contain double bonds C) They are liquid at room temperature D) They are less stable

A

A) They are solid at room temperature.

49
Q

What are the two types of nucleotides in RNA?

A

Adenine and uracil.

50
Q

True or False: The primary structure of a protein is affected by the environment.

A

False.

51
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ reaction is responsible for forming peptide bonds.

A

condensation.

52
Q

What is the main role of ribosomes in cells?

A

To synthesize proteins.

53
Q

Multiple choice: Which of the following is a structural polysaccharide? A) Starch B) Glycogen C) Cellulose D) Sucrose

A

C) Cellulose.

54
Q

What is the function of ATP in cells?

A

To store and transfer energy.

55
Q

True or False: Enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction.

A

True.

56
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ structure of proteins is formed by multiple polypeptide chains.

A

quaternary.

57
Q

What is the role of glycogen in animals?

A

Energy storage.

58
Q

Multiple choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of unsaturated fats? A) They contain no double bonds B) They are liquid at room temperature C) They are more stable D) They are solid at room temperature

A

B) They are liquid at room temperature.

59
Q

What is the name of the bond that links nucleotides together in a nucleic acid?

A

Phosphodiester bond.

60
Q

True or False: All biological molecules are organic.

A

True.

61
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ is the site of protein synthesis in the cell.

A

ribosome.

62
Q

What is the main function of cellulose in plants?

A

To provide structural support.

63
Q

Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins? A) Enzymatic activity B) Energy storage C) Hormone regulation D) Transport

A

B) Energy storage.

64
Q

What is the role of enzymes in metabolic pathways?

A

To regulate the rate of biochemical reactions.

65
Q

True or False: Nucleic acids are made up of amino acids.

A

False.

66
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ structure of a protein is held together by hydrogen bonds.

A

secondary.

67
Q

What type of molecules are enzymes typically classified as?

A

Proteins.

68
Q

Multiple choice: Which of the following is a component of nucleotides? A) Sugar B) Amino acid C) Fatty acid D) Glycerol

A

A) Sugar.

69
Q

What is the function of a coenzyme?

A

To assist enzymes in catalyzing reactions.

70
Q

True or False: Proteins can be denatured by changes in temperature and pH.

A

True.

71
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ is the part of an enzyme where the substrate binds.

A

active site.

72
Q

What is the main product of glycolysis?

A

Pyruvate.

73
Q

Multiple choice: Which carbohydrate is found in the cell walls of fungi? A) Starch B) Glycogen C) Cellulose D) Chitin

A

D) Chitin.

74
Q

What is the role of hydrolytic enzymes?

A

To break down complex molecules into simpler ones.

75
Q

True or False: All lipids are hydrophobic.

A

True.

Biology (28 decks)

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