Biological Molecules Flashcards
What are the four main types of biological molecules?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
True or False: Enzymes are a type of carbohydrate.
False.
Fill in the blank: The monomers of proteins are called __________.
amino acids.
What is the primary function of carbohydrates in living organisms?
To provide and store energy.
Which type of lipid is responsible for forming cell membranes?
Phospholipids.
What is the process called when two amino acids bond together?
Peptide bond formation.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a disaccharide? A) Glucose B) Fructose C) Sucrose D) Glycogen
C) Sucrose.
What is the role of nucleic acids in cells?
To store and transmit genetic information.
True or False: All enzymes are proteins.
True.
Fill in the blank: The basic unit of a carbohydrate is called a __________.
monosaccharide.
What is the function of triglycerides in the body?
To store energy and provide insulation.
What type of bond is formed between sugar and phosphate in a nucleic acid?
Phosphodiester bond.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is an example of a polysaccharide? A) Lactose B) Starch C) Glucose D) Ribose
B) Starch.
What is the structure of DNA?
A double helix.
True or False: Lipids are soluble in water.
False.
Fill in the blank: The sequence of nucleotides in DNA determines the __________ of a protein.
amino acid sequence.
What are the two main types of nucleic acids?
DNA and RNA.
Multiple choice: Which component is NOT part of an amino acid? A) Amino group B) Carboxyl group C) Phosphate group D) R group
C) Phosphate group.
What is the main storage form of glucose in animals?
Glycogen.
True or False: Saturated fats contain double bonds between carbon atoms.
False.
Fill in the blank: The process of breaking down glucose to release energy is called __________.
cellular respiration.
What is the function of enzymes in biochemical reactions?
To act as catalysts and speed up reactions.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a function of proteins? A) Energy storage B) Catalyzing reactions C) Genetic information D) All of the above
B) Catalyzing reactions.
What is the primary structure of a protein?
The sequence of amino acids.
True or False: RNA is double-stranded.
False.
Fill in the blank: The building blocks of lipids are __________.
fatty acids and glycerol.
What is the role of RNA in protein synthesis?
To carry the genetic code from DNA to the ribosomes.
Multiple choice: Which type of molecule serves as the genetic blueprint? A) Protein B) Lipid C) Nucleic acid D) Carbohydrate
C) Nucleic acid.
What type of bond is formed between fatty acids and glycerol in lipids?
Ester bond.
True or False: Enzymes can be reused after a reaction.
True.
Fill in the blank: The process of converting mRNA into a protein is called __________.
translation.
What are the two types of secondary structures in proteins?
Alpha helices and beta sheets.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates? A) Energy source B) Structural support C) Hormone regulation D) Cell recognition
C) Hormone regulation.
What type of reaction forms polymers from monomers?
Dehydration synthesis.
True or False: Phospholipids are amphipathic molecules.
True.
Fill in the blank: The __________ structure of a protein is formed by the interactions between R groups.
tertiary.
What is the main difference between DNA and RNA?
DNA is double-stranded and contains thymine, while RNA is single-stranded and contains uracil.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a function of lipids? A) Insulation B) Energy storage C) Cell membrane structure D) All of the above
D) All of the above.
What is the term for the specific region of an enzyme where the substrate binds?
Active site.
True or False: All amino acids are identical in structure.
False.
Fill in the blank: The __________ model explains how enzymes work by changing shape when substrates bind.
induced fit.
What are glycoproteins?
Proteins that have carbohydrate groups attached to them.
Multiple choice: Which carbohydrate is used by plants for energy storage? A) Glycogen B) Starch C) Cellulose D) Sucrose
B) Starch.
What type of reaction breaks down polymers into monomers?
Hydrolysis.
True or False: Proteins can function as antibodies.
True.
Fill in the blank: The __________ structure of a protein is determined by the sequence of amino acids.
primary.
What is the role of cholesterol in cell membranes?
To maintain membrane fluidity.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of saturated fats? A) They are solid at room temperature B) They contain double bonds C) They are liquid at room temperature D) They are less stable
A) They are solid at room temperature.
What are the two types of nucleotides in RNA?
Adenine and uracil.
True or False: The primary structure of a protein is affected by the environment.
False.
Fill in the blank: The __________ reaction is responsible for forming peptide bonds.
condensation.
What is the main role of ribosomes in cells?
To synthesize proteins.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a structural polysaccharide? A) Starch B) Glycogen C) Cellulose D) Sucrose
C) Cellulose.
What is the function of ATP in cells?
To store and transfer energy.
True or False: Enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction.
True.
Fill in the blank: The __________ structure of proteins is formed by multiple polypeptide chains.
quaternary.
What is the role of glycogen in animals?
Energy storage.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of unsaturated fats? A) They contain no double bonds B) They are liquid at room temperature C) They are more stable D) They are solid at room temperature
B) They are liquid at room temperature.
What is the name of the bond that links nucleotides together in a nucleic acid?
Phosphodiester bond.
True or False: All biological molecules are organic.
True.
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the site of protein synthesis in the cell.
ribosome.
What is the main function of cellulose in plants?
To provide structural support.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins? A) Enzymatic activity B) Energy storage C) Hormone regulation D) Transport
B) Energy storage.
What is the role of enzymes in metabolic pathways?
To regulate the rate of biochemical reactions.
True or False: Nucleic acids are made up of amino acids.
False.
Fill in the blank: The __________ structure of a protein is held together by hydrogen bonds.
secondary.
What type of molecules are enzymes typically classified as?
Proteins.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a component of nucleotides? A) Sugar B) Amino acid C) Fatty acid D) Glycerol
A) Sugar.
What is the function of a coenzyme?
To assist enzymes in catalyzing reactions.
True or False: Proteins can be denatured by changes in temperature and pH.
True.
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the part of an enzyme where the substrate binds.
active site.
What is the main product of glycolysis?
Pyruvate.
Multiple choice: Which carbohydrate is found in the cell walls of fungi? A) Starch B) Glycogen C) Cellulose D) Chitin
D) Chitin.
What is the role of hydrolytic enzymes?
To break down complex molecules into simpler ones.
True or False: All lipids are hydrophobic.
True.
