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Foundation of Medicine > The Body Systems > Flashcards

The Body Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 10 main body systems

A

Respiratory
Cardiovascular
Gastrointestinal
Lymphatic
Musculoskeletal
Endocrine
Urinary
Nervous
Reproductive
Integumentary

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2
Q

How do all body systems work together

A

They all work WITH each other and FOR each other

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3
Q

What is the basic structural and functional unit of our body

A

Cells

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4
Q

How often do skin cells turnover naturally

A

Every 3 months

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5
Q

How often do red blood cells turnover naturally

A

After 120 days

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6
Q

What is the main requirement of cells

A

Energy

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7
Q

Why do cells need energy

A

Carry out metabolic processes keeping them alive AND
So they can perform their specific function

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8
Q

What is ATP for cells

A

Energy- Adenosine triphosphate
Use ATP to undertake their function

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9
Q

How do we produce cellular ATP

A

Oxygen and nutrient molecules are obtained from food intake and make ATP

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10
Q

What are the 4 basic tissue types of the body

A

Epithelia
Muscle
Nervous
Connective

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11
Q

What is an organ

A

A group of tissues acting together to perform a specific function

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12
Q

What do organs forms

A

Systems: Collections of organs that have related functions work together to carry out a common goal

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13
Q

How do we get nutrients into our blood

A

Via the gastrointestinal system which runs from mouth to anus

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14
Q

Where are digested molecules absorbed into

A

Veins and lymphatic vessels of the SMALL intestine

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15
Q

Where does the venous blood from absorptive parts of the GI tract drain into FIRST

A

the liver

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16
Q

Where are nutrients stored in the liver returned to

A

Venous system

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17
Q

What organ metabolises/detoxifies potentially harmful substances absorbed from GI tract

A

The liver

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18
Q

How do we deliver nutrients to cells

A

Cardiovascular system

19
Q

What does the cardiovascular system consist of

A

heart and blood vessels

20
Q

Venous blood from the liver containing absorbed nutrients drains back into where

A

The heart

21
Q

What is the pump of the cardiovascular system

A

The heart

22
Q

Where do arteries carry blood

A

Away from the heart

23
Q

Where does the right side of the heart pump blood too

A

Venous/ Deoxygenated blood to the lungs

24
Q

Where does the left side of the heart pump blood too

A

Atrial/ Oxygenated blood to all other tissues and organs

25
Q

What is the order of blood circulation

A

Heart pumps oxygenated blood into Arteries
-Arterioles
-Capillaries
-Venules
-Veins
Back to the heart

26
Q

How does oxygen get into the blood

A

Respiratory system- air via nose or mouth
-Air travels through respiratory tree

27
Q

What is the respiratory tree

A

Has very thinned walled alveoli which surface is covered with thin walled capillaries

-Allows O2 to be transferred by diffusion into the blood

-Oxygenated blood returns to the heart to be pumped to all other body cells

28
Q

How is oxygen delivered to cells

A

Haematological system and Cardiovascular system

-At capillary beds O2 and CO2 diffuse between blood and cells down conc. gradient

29
Q

How is lymph produced

A

Tissue fluid left in extracellular space is taken up by lymphatic vessels- Called lymph

30
Q

What is the thoracic duct

A

-Major lymphatic vessel in the body
-Returns lymph to large veins in the root of the neck

31
Q

What systems are waste excreted out of

A

Respiratory and renal
-Important in removing CO2 and acids from the body

32
Q

How is waste produced

A

By all cells as result of metabolic processes

-CO2 and H20= byproducts of ATP formation (Forming carbonic acid)

-Lactic acid produced by muscles in exercise

-

33
Q

What system gives internal and external protection

A

Integumentary
Lymphatic
Nervous
Musculoskeletal

34
Q

What is the integumentary system

A

Skin: first line of defence against external environment

35
Q

What does integumentary system provide our body with

A

-Physical defense against trauma
-Waterproof barrier
-Regulates body temp
-Protects against UV radiation to a degree

36
Q

What to know about the Lymphatic system lymph nodes

A

-Normal lymph nodes cannot be palpated

-Lymph nodes fighting infection or infiltrated by cancer enlarge and CAN be PALPATED

37
Q

What is the nervous system

A

Allows us to sense our environment and effect appropriate responses
Central NS and Peripheral NS

38
Q

What is the central nervous system

A

Brain and spinal cord

39
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system

A

Other parts of nerve structures in the body other than those in brain or spinal cord

40
Q

What systems regulate processes in our body

A

Endocrine and Nervous system

41
Q

What is the endocrine system

A

Organs called endocrine glands which secrete hormones directly into capillary blood

-These hormones regulate physiological processes e.g. insulin release from pancreas regulated glucose uptake into cells

42
Q

What system is musculoskeletal closely linked to

A

nervous system

43
Q

What is the musculoskeletal system

A

skeletal muscle contraction moves skeleton at joints producing locomotion (movement of an organism to another place)

-Allows us to breath (essential)
-Provides locomotion (Protective)

44
Q

What system allows survival of the species

A

Reproductive system

-Not aimed at individual’s own survival but for offspring production

Foundation of Medicine (23 decks)

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