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Foundation of Medicine > Anatomy Basic Concepts > Flashcards

Anatomy Basic Concepts Flashcards

1
Q

What is anatomical position

A

Patient standing
Facing forwards
Face and eyes looking anteriorly
Upper limbs by side
Palms facing anteriorly
Feet together, toes anteriorly

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2
Q

What are positions patients can be in

A

Seated
Supine (lying on back)
Prone (lying on front)
In front of your patient
At side of your patient
Behind your patient

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3
Q

What are the 4 anatomical planes

A

Sagittal
Medial
Coronal
Axial (transverse)

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4
Q

What is sagittal plane

A

Dividing right to left vertically through the body (longitudinal)

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5
Q

What is medial plane

A

Sagittal plane going directly down midline of body (divides into equal halves)

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6
Q

What is coronal plane

A

Divide from front to back when going from anterior to posterior

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7
Q

What is axial/transverse plane

A

Divide the body horizontally between superior and inferior

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8
Q

What is anterior, posterior & middle

A

Anterior- Nearer the front of the body
Posterior- Nearer the back of the body
Middle- In the middle of the body

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9
Q

What is superior and inferior

A

Superior- Nearer the top of the head
Inferior- Nearer the bottom of the feed

(Cranial-top, Caudal- bottom used in embryonic development)

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10
Q

What is medial and lateral

A

Medial- Nearer the midline/medial plane
Lateral- Further from the midline/medial plane

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11
Q

What is proximal and distal

A

Proximal- Nearer to the attachment of limb to body
Distal- Further from the attachment of limb to body

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12
Q

What is superficial and deep

A

Superficial- Nearer body surface
Deep- Further from body surface

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13
Q

What is external and internal

A

External- Further from centre of body
Internal- Nearer to centre of body

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14
Q

What is major and minor

A

Major- Relatively larger structure compared to minor
Minor- Relatively smaller structure compared to major

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15
Q

What is dorsal

A

Surface which refers to its back/upper side

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16
Q

What is dorsal surface of wrist, hand, tongue and foot

A

Wrist= Posterior surface
Hand= Posterior surface
Tongue= Superior surface
Foot= Superior surface

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17
Q

What are dorsal opposites of wrist, hand, tongue and foot

A

Wrist= Anterior surface, Volar
Hand= Anterior surface, Palmar
Tongue= Inferior surface, Ventral
Foot = Inferior surface, Plantar

18
Q

What is unilateral

A

Structure is found on one side of the body e.g. appendix

19
Q

What is bilateral

A

Structure is found on both sides of the body e.g. paired= lungs

20
Q

What is midline

A

Single structure found located on or near median plane
e.g. heart

21
Q

What is ipsilateral

A

Structure is on the SAME side as other structure its being COMPARED too

22
Q

What is contralateral

A

Structure is on the DIFFERENT side as the other structure it is being COMPARED too

23
Q

What are example of combined anatomical terms

A

Superolateral- Near top of head going outwards
Superomedial- Near top of head in the middle

Anterosuperior- Front of body towards top
Anteroinferior- Front of body towards bottom

24
Q

What is flexion

A

Decreasing the angle between bones at a joint

25
Q

What is extension

A

Increasing the angle between bones at a joint

26
Q

What is the rule for superior anterior movements of knee

A

All anterior movements at joints superior to the knee are FLEXIONS

27
Q

What is the rule for inferior anterior movements of knee

A

All anterior movements inferior to the knee joint are EXTENSIONS

28
Q

What is abduction and adduction

A

Abduction- Movement away from median plane
Adduction- Movement towards the median plane

29
Q

What is internal/medial rotation and external/lateral rotation

A

Internal/Medial- Rotation towards median plane of anterior surface

External/Lateral- Rotation away from the median plane of anterior surfaces

30
Q

What is circumduction

A

Circular motion at a joint

31
Q

What movement terms are specific for the feet

A

Eversion/ Inversion
Dorsiflexion/ Plantarflexion

32
Q

What is eversion/ inversion of foot

A

Eversion- Sole rotates away from median plane to face laterally

Inversion- Sole rotates towards median plane to face medially

33
Q

What is Dorsiflexion/ Plantarflexion of foot

A

Dorsiflexion- Upward flexion of foot

Plantarflexion- Downwards flexion of foot

34
Q

What movement terms are specific for the forearm

A

Pronation/ Supination
Semi prone

35
Q

What is pronation/ supination of forearm

A

Pronation- anterior forearm surfaces rotate so palms face posteriorly
Supination- from pronated position back to anatomical position so palms face anteriorly

36
Q

What is semi-prone of forearm

A

position of forearm & hand midway between the supine and prone positions

37
Q

What movement terms are specific for the hand

A

Extension/Flexion (wrist & digits)
Opposition/Reposition (digits) (thumb touches finger then back to anatomical)
Pronation/Supination (palm)
Abduction/Adduction (digits)

38
Q

What movement terms are specific for thumbs

A

Abduction/ Adduction
(Anteriorly away from palm/ back to palm after adduction)

Extension/Flexion
(thumb lateral from palm/ Thumb folded across palm)

Opposition/Reposition
(Thumb toughing fingers and back to anatomical)

39
Q

What is elevation and depression

A

Elevation- rising something up
Depression- Taking something down
e.g. shoulders

40
Q

What is protrusion and retrusion

A

Protrusion- moving jaw forewords
Retrusion- moving jaw backwards

41
Q

What is protraction and retraction

A

Protraction- anterior movement
Retraction- posterior movement
of scapula

Foundation of Medicine (23 decks)

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