Organisation of cells into Tissues and Organs

Question 1

What are the 4 basic tissue types

Answer 1

Epithelium, Connective, muscle and Nervous

Question 2

What are all organs basically

Answer 2

A composite of all 4 basic tissues even though each performs specific and specialised tasks

Question 3

What is the basic structure of Digestive tract

Answer 3

Tongue- Trachea-Esophagus- Liver- Stomach-Gallbladder- Pancreas- Large intestine- Small intestine- Rectum- Anus

Question 4

What are the 3 major salivary glands

Answer 4

Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual glands

Question 5

What is the difference between serous and mucous secretion in salivary glands

Answer 5

Serous is more liquid opalescent fluid composed of water and proteins
Mucous thick, clear, and somewhat slimy substance

Question 6

Serous secreting glands

Answer 6

Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual

Question 7

Mucous secreting gland

Answer 7

Submandibular
Sublingual

Question 8

What are salivary glands striated ducts

Answer 8

Modify saliva passing through by pumping salt out of the fluid. Makes saliva hypotonic to blood

Question 9

4 major layers of Digestive tract

Answer 9

1. Mucosa (3 parts)
2. Submucosa
   3.Muscularis externa
   4.Serosa/Adventitia

Question 10

What are the 3 parts of the mucosa

Answer 10

a. Epithelium- sits on basal lamina
b. Lamina propria- loose connective tissue
c. Muscularis mucosae- thin layer of smooth muscle

Question 11

What is the submucosa

Answer 11

loose connective tissue

Question 12

What is the muscularis externa

Answer 12

2 thick layers of smooth muscle
inner circular layer and outer longitudinal layer

Question 13

What is the serosa/adventitia

Answer 13

Outer layer of connective tissue either suspends digestive tract or attaches to other organs

Question 14

4 types of variation in Mucosa

Answer 14

Protective
Absorptive
Secretory
Protective & Absorptive

Question 15

What is the nervous system in digestive tract called

Answer 15

enteric nervous system (ENS)

Question 16

Where do neurons live in the digestive tract

Answer 16

Neurons live in GANGLIA between 2 muscle layers making up muscularis externa

Question 17

What is the basic structure of the Trachea in the respiratory system

Answer 17

Airway-Respiratory epithelium- lamina propria- Hyaline cartilage of tracheal ring

Question 18

What do goblet cells and submucosal glands do to airway

Answer 18

Produce a viscous fluid coating its surface trapping particles that propelled out of the airway by cilia

Question 19

What is the difference between bronchi and bronchioles in respiratory system

Answer 19

Bronchi have large diameter and have hyaline cartilage in their wall
Bronchioles are smaller airways and smooth muscle predominates their walls

Question 20

What are alveoli

Answer 20

Lined by simple squamous epithelium

Question 21

What is the lobule of the liver

Answer 21

Large number of lobules in the liver all with similar hexagonal arrangement

Question 22

What is at each corner of lobules

Answer 22

Branch of hepatic portal vein and hepatic artery, each delivering blood to lobule.

Question 23

What is at the centre of lobules

Answer 23

Central vein draining into hepatic vein

Question 24

What is hepatocytes

Answer 24

Sheets of liver which Blood passing from corner to centre via hepatic sinusoids pass

Question 25

What are sinusoids

Answer 25

The space for blood to flow

Question 26

what parts of the liver are classified collectively as portal triad

Answer 26

-Branch of hepatic portal vein
-Bile duct
-Hepatic arteriole

Question 27

Basic structure of the pancreas gland type

Answer 27

Unusual as both exocrine and an endocrine gland

Question 28

What does the exocrine pancreas produce and contain

Answer 28

produces a litre of digestive juices everyday containing:
-proteases (breakdown proteins)
-Lipases (breakdown lipids)
-Nucleases (breakdown DNA/RNA)
All enter duodenum via pancreatic duct

Question 29

What is the duodenum

Answer 29

Initial C-shaped part of small intestine

Question 30

What does the endocrine pancreas consist of

Answer 30

small scattered islands of tissue called islets of Langerhans-
Produce hormones including insulin