Clinical Anatomy of Reproductive System Flashcards
What are gametes
A haploid cell (23 chromosomes)
In males= spermatozoa
In females= oocyte or ovum
Where are gametes produced
By the gonads
In males= testes
In females= Ovaries
What cell type is produced during fertilisation
A diploid cell called zygote
(46 chromosomes)
Where do haploid cells travel to during normal fertilisation
In female= Ovum travels from ovary to ampulla of uterine tube
In male= spermatozoa travels from testis to vagina
Where is the pelvic cavity
Lies within the bony pelvis, continuous with abdominal cavity between the pelvic inlet and pelvic outlet
What is the pelvic floor
Internal wall of skeletal muscles which separates pelvic cavity and perineum
Where is the perineum
Inferior to pelvic floor between proximal parts of lower limbs
What does the pelvic floor have
Openings
Distal alimentary, reproductive and renal tracts pass through
What forms the pelvic roof
Parietal peritoneum
What is the parietal peritoneum
Lining of the abdominal cavity, firmly attached to walls
Also drapes over pelvic viscera
What allows organs to move without friction in pelvic cavity
Peritoneal fluid
Why are pouches clinically relevant in the peritoneum
in upright female it’s the lowest point of reproductive system so fluid will collect there
What is the surface anatomy of female human
External urethral outlet-Urinary tract
Vaginal orifice- Female genital tract
Anus- GI tract
What are females primary reproductive organs
Ovaries
What are females secondary reproductive organs
Uterine tubes
Uterus
Vagina
What are the 3 layers of the uterus
Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium
What is the most common position of the uterus
Anteverted- cervix tipped anteriorly relative to axis of vagina
Anteflexed- Uterus tipped anteriorly relative to axis of the cervix
What shape and size are ovaries
Almond sized and shaped
Where are ovaries located
Laterally to pelvic cavity
Ovarian fosse is where they sit
-Develop on posterior abdominal wall
What hormones do ovaries secrete
Progesterone and oestrogen in response to pituitary hormones (FSH and LH)
What arteries are in the female pelvis
Ovarian artery
Internal iliac artery
Uterine artery
Vaginal artery
Common iliac artery
Where does fertilisation occur in females compared to implantation
Ampulla
Implantation is in the body of the uterus
What happens in menstruation - 5 stages
- Ova develops in ovaries
- Each cycle 1 ovum released from surface of ovary into peritoneal cavity
- ovum gathered by fimbriae into infundibulum of uterine tubes
- cilia moves it along uterine tube
- unfertilised ovum expelled by myometrium contraction
What is an ectopic pregnancy
Fertilised ovum implants outwith uterine cavity -97% occur in tubes
Danger of haemorrhage
