The Back pt 1

Question 1

Functions of Vertebral Column

Answer 1

protect spinal column
support wt of head/trunk
allow movement of rib cage-costovertebral joint
critical role in posture/locomotion

Question 2

Curvatures of the Vertebral column

Answer 2

Primary- T and S (kyphotic)

secondary- l and C (lordotic)

Question 3

Kyphosis

Answer 3

excessive kyphosis in T spine (excessive posterior curve)

D/T comp. fx, postural habits, pathology

Question 4

Lordosis

Answer 4

excessive lordosis in lumbar region

d/t anomalies, postural habits

Question 5

Scoliosis

Answer 5

lateral deviation with rotary component

curve named for convexity

Question 6

Reversal of Cervical Curve

Answer 6

reduction of normal lordosis of C spine

d/t postural habits, MVA, or other trauma

Question 7

Spina Bifida

Answer 7

lamina fail to fuse resulting in defect in the arch

Question 8

Transverse Processes

Answer 8

2 of them
project laterally from junction of ledicles and lamina
attachment and lever for spinal mm

Question 9

Articular Processes

Answer 9

4 of them
superior and inferior articular processes
project from junction of pedicle and lamina
adjacent articular processes form facet (zygapophyseal) joints between vertebrae

Question 10

Spinous Process

Answer 10

1 of them
Project posteriorly from junction of R/L lamina
attachment and lever for spinal mm

Question 11

Vertebral Notch

Answer 11

superior and inferior portion of pedicle

Question 12

Intervertebral Foramen

Answer 12

formed “between vertebrae) via the vertebral nothes of 2 adjacent segments
superior and inferior vertebral notches

Question 13

Vertebral Foramen

Answer 13

formed by the body and vertebral arch

Question 14

Vertebral Canal

Answer 14

vertebral foramina collectively form the canal

Question 15

Typical Cervical Vertebrae

Answer 15

C3-C7 (smallest)
large triangular vertebral foramen
TP's have transverse foramen, allow vertebral artery to pass through
C7's TP might be small or absent
bifed spinous process

Question 16

Superior facets

Answer 16

face superior and posterior

Question 17

Inferior facets

Answer 17

inferior and anterior

Question 18

Thoracic Vertebrae Body

Answer 18

heart shaped, costal facets

Question 19

Vertebral Foramen of Thoracic Vertebrae

Answer 19

circular and smaller than C and L

Question 20

Transverse Process of Thoracic Vertebrae

Answer 20

Long, T1-10 have facets for articulation with ribs (transverse costal facets)

Question 21

Articular Process of Thoracic Vertebrae

Answer 21

superior facets face posterior and slightly lateral

Inferior facets face anterior and slightly medial

Question 22

Spinous Process of Thoracic Vertebrae

Answer 22

long and extended inferriorly to segment below

Question 23

Body of lumbar Vertebrae

Answer 23

kidney shaped

Question 24

Vertebral Foramen of Lumbar Vertebrae

Answer 24

friangular, larger than Thoraxic, smaller than cervical

Question 25

Trasnverse Process of Lumbar Vertebrae

Answer 25

have accessory process tubercles located at the base of transverse process

Question 26

Articular Process of Lumbar Vertebraw

Answer 26

superior facets face posterior and medial inferior facets face anterior and lateral have Maxillary process (tubericles located on superior articular pillar)

Question 27

Spinous Process of Lumbar Vertebrae

Answer 27

sturdy, hatchet shapped

Question 28

Sacrum

Answer 28

large triangular wedge shaped bone composed of 5 fused vertebrae 4 pairs of foramina which is the exit for dorsal and ventral nerve roots

Question 29

Promatory (of sacrum)

Answer 29

prominent anterior edge of 1st vertebra

Question 30

Ala (of sacrum)

Answer 30

superior/lateral portion of sacrum

Question 31

Medial sacral crest (of sacrum)

Answer 31

midline, formed by fused sinus processes

Question 32

Sacral hiatus (of sacrum)

Answer 32

formed by failure of the lamina of S5 to fuse

Question 33

Sacral cornu (horns) (of sacrum)

Answer 33

formed by the pedicles of S5

Question 34

sacral canal (of sacrum)

Answer 34

contains nerve roots of cauda equina

Question 35

Apex (of sacrum)

Answer 35

inferior end of sacrum

Question 36

base (of sacrum)

Answer 36

superior portion of S1

Question 37

Coccyx

Answer 37

wedge shaped bone of 4 fused coccygeal vertebrae

Question 38

Atlas (c1)

Answer 38

``` ring shapped, no transverse processes anterior/posterior tubericles lateral mass facets on anterior arch TP's are wide ```

Question 39

Axis (C2)

Answer 39

characterized by dens (odontoid process) forms the "pivot" or axis for rotation between C1 and C2 supported by multiple ligaments