The Back pt 1 Flashcards
Functions of Vertebral Column
protect spinal column
support wt of head/trunk
allow movement of rib cage-costovertebral joint
critical role in posture/locomotion
Curvatures of the Vertebral column
Primary- T and S (kyphotic)
secondary- l and C (lordotic)
Kyphosis
excessive kyphosis in T spine (excessive posterior curve)
D/T comp. fx, postural habits, pathology
Lordosis
excessive lordosis in lumbar region
d/t anomalies, postural habits
Scoliosis
lateral deviation with rotary component
curve named for convexity
Reversal of Cervical Curve
reduction of normal lordosis of C spine
d/t postural habits, MVA, or other trauma
Spina Bifida
lamina fail to fuse resulting in defect in the arch
Transverse Processes
2 of them
project laterally from junction of ledicles and lamina
attachment and lever for spinal mm
Articular Processes
4 of them
superior and inferior articular processes
project from junction of pedicle and lamina
adjacent articular processes form facet (zygapophyseal) joints between vertebrae
Spinous Process
1 of them
Project posteriorly from junction of R/L lamina
attachment and lever for spinal mm
Vertebral Notch
superior and inferior portion of pedicle
Intervertebral Foramen
formed “between vertebrae) via the vertebral nothes of 2 adjacent segments
superior and inferior vertebral notches
Vertebral Foramen
formed by the body and vertebral arch
Vertebral Canal
vertebral foramina collectively form the canal
Typical Cervical Vertebrae
C3-C7 (smallest) large triangular vertebral foramen TP's have transverse foramen, allow vertebral artery to pass through C7's TP might be small or absent bifed spinous process
Superior facets
face superior and posterior
Inferior facets
inferior and anterior
Thoracic Vertebrae Body
heart shaped, costal facets
Vertebral Foramen of Thoracic Vertebrae
circular and smaller than C and L
Transverse Process of Thoracic Vertebrae
Long, T1-10 have facets for articulation with ribs (transverse costal facets)
Articular Process of Thoracic Vertebrae
superior facets face posterior and slightly lateral
Inferior facets face anterior and slightly medial
Spinous Process of Thoracic Vertebrae
long and extended inferriorly to segment below
Body of lumbar Vertebrae
kidney shaped
Vertebral Foramen of Lumbar Vertebrae
friangular, larger than Thoraxic, smaller than cervical
Trasnverse Process of Lumbar Vertebrae
have accessory process tubercles located at the base of transverse process
Articular Process of Lumbar Vertebraw
superior facets face posterior and medial
inferior facets face anterior and lateral
have Maxillary process (tubericles located on superior articular pillar)
Spinous Process of Lumbar Vertebrae
sturdy, hatchet shapped
Sacrum
large triangular wedge shaped bone composed of 5 fused vertebrae
4 pairs of foramina which is the exit for dorsal and ventral nerve roots
Promatory (of sacrum)
prominent anterior edge of 1st vertebra
Ala (of sacrum)
superior/lateral portion of sacrum
Medial sacral crest (of sacrum)
midline, formed by fused sinus processes
Sacral hiatus (of sacrum)
formed by failure of the lamina of S5 to fuse
Sacral cornu (horns) (of sacrum)
formed by the pedicles of S5
sacral canal (of sacrum)
contains nerve roots of cauda equina
Apex (of sacrum)
inferior end of sacrum
base (of sacrum)
superior portion of S1
Coccyx
wedge shaped bone of 4 fused coccygeal vertebrae
Atlas (c1)
ring shapped, no transverse processes anterior/posterior tubericles lateral mass facets on anterior arch TP's are wide
Axis (C2)
characterized by dens (odontoid process)
forms the “pivot” or axis for rotation between C1 and C2
supported by multiple ligaments
