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Anatomy > Lower Extremity 1 > Flashcards

Lower Extremity 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Iliofemoral Ligament (Y-Ligament)

A

largest ligament of hip, anterior, resists extension (especially standing)

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2
Q

Pubofemoral Ligament

A

anterior inferior- resists abduction

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3
Q

ischiofemoral ligament

A

posterior, resists extension and medial rotation

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4
Q

Ligamentum teres

A

attaches to foves capitis of femur head

provides pathway for acetabular branch of obturator artery

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5
Q

Hip Flexors

A

iliopsas
rectus femoris
sartorius

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6
Q

Hip Adduction

A 
pectineus
adductor longus
adductor brevis
adductor magnus
gracilis
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7
Q

Hip Abduction

A

gluteus minimus
gluteus medius
TFL

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8
Q

Hip Extension

A 
gluteus maximus
biceps femoris (long head)
medial hamstrings
             -semimembranosus
             -semitendinosus
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9
Q

External Rotation of Hip

A 
piriformis
superior gemellus
obtrurator internus
inferior gemellus
quadratus femoris
obturator externus

gluteus maximus
biceps femoris
sartorius

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10
Q

Internal Rotation of Hip

A 
gluteus minimus
gluteus medius
TFL
medial hamstrings
        -semimembranosus
        -semitendinosus
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11
Q

6 Lateral Rotators

A 
piriformis
superior gemellus
obturator internus
inferior gemellus
quadratus femoris
obturator externus
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12
Q

Psoas Major

A 
P = T12-L5 vertebrae and discs; transverse processes of all lumbar vertebrae
D = lesser trochanter
N = ventral rami of lumbar nerves (L1,L2, L3
A = flex thigh at hip, also can have influence on posture of pelvis in weight bearing
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13
Q

Psoas Minor

A 
P = T12-L5 vertebrae and discs
D = Pectineal line, iliopectineal eminence via iliopectineal arch
N = Ventral rami of lumbar nerves (L1 and L2)
A = maybe some stability in  pelvis but no direct influence on hip motion
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14
Q

Illiacus

A 
P = iliac crest, iliac fossa, ala of sacrum, and anterior SI ligaments
D = tendon of psoas major, lesser trochanter and femur distal to it
N = Femoral N (L2, L3)
A =  flex thigh at hip, also can have influence on posture of pelvis in weight bearing
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15
Q

Tensor of Fasciae Latae

A 
P = ASIS and anterior part of iliac crest 
D = iliotibial tract that attaches to lateral tibial condyle
N = Superior gluteal N (L4 and L5)
A = Abducts, medially (internally) rotates and flexes thigh; helps to kept knee extended; steadies trunk on thigh
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16
Q

Sartorius

A 
P = ASIS and superior part of notch inferior to it
D = superior part of medial surface of tibia
N = Femoral N (L2 and L3)
A = Flexes, abducts, and laterally (externally) rotates thigh at hip; flexes leg at knee joint,
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17
Q

Rectus Femoris

A 
P = AIIS and ilium superior to acetabulum
D = Base of patella and by ligament to tibial tuberosity
N = Femoral (L2, L3, and L4)
A = extends knee joint; also slightly flexes the hip
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18
Q

Vastus Lateralis

A 
P = Greater trochanter and latral lip of linea aspera of femur
D = Base of patella and by ligament to tibial tuberosity
N = Femoral (L2, L3, and L4)
A = extends knee joint
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19
Q

Vastus Medialis

A 
P = Intertrochanteric line and medial lip of linea aspera of femur
D = Base of patella and by ligament to tibial tuberosity
N = Femoral (L2, L3, and L4)
A = extends knee joint
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20
Q

Vastus Intermedius

A 
P = Anterior and lateral surfaces of body of femur
D = Base of patella and by ligament to tibial tuberosity
N = Femoral (L2, L3, and L4)
A = extends knee joint
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21
Q

Contents of the Femoral Triangle

A 
Femoral Vein
Femoral Artery
Femoral Nerve
Profunda femoris artery
profunda femoris vein
inguinal lymph nodes
22
Q

Boundaries of Adductor Canal

A

Anterior & Laterally–> vastus medialis
Posterior–> adductor longus and adductor magnus
Medial–> sartorius

23
Q

Contents of Adductor Canal

A

femoral artery
femoral vein
saphenous nerve
nerve to vastus medialis

24
Q

Femoral Artery

A

in adductor canal, enters posterior knee region known as popliteal fossa
provides blood supply to leg/foot

25
Q

Deep Femoral Artery

A

major artery that suppplys thigh

26
Q

Lateral Femoral Circumflex

A

provide blood to hip

27
Q

Medial femoral circumflex

A

provide blood to hip

28
Q

Great Saphenous Vein

A

ascends along medial legs–>drains into femoral vein

29
Q

Small Saphenous Vein

A

ascends along posterior leg and drains into popliteal vein in popliteal fossa

30
Q

Pectineus

A 
P = superior ramus of pubis
D = pectineal line of femur, just inferior to lesser trochanter
N = femoral N (L2 and L3; may receive branch from obturator N
A = adducts and flexes thigh; assists with medial rotation
31
Q

Adductor Longus

A 
P = body of pubis inferior to public crest
D = middle 1/3 of linear aspera of femur
N = obturator N, branch of ant division (L2, L3,  and L4)
A = adducts thigh
32
Q

Adductor Brevis

A 
P = body and inferior ramus of pubis
D = pectineal line and proximal part of linea aspera of femur
N = Obturator N (L2, L3,  and L4) branch of ant division
A = adducts thigh and some flexion as well
33
Q

Adductor Mangus

A

P = adductor part: inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium; hamstring part: ischial tuberosity
D = adductor part: gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line; Hamstrings part;adductor tubercle of femur
N = adductor part: obturator N (L2, L3, and L4), branches of posterior division ; Hamstrings part: tibial part of sciatic nerve (L4)
A = adducts thigh; adductor part: flexes thigh, Hamstrings part extends thigh
Distal attachment forms an arch known as adductor hiatus (femoral artery & vein pass posterior through the hiatus)

34
Q

Gracilis

A 
P = body of inferior ramus of pubis
D = superior part of medial surface of tibia
N = Obturator N (L2 and L3)
A = adducts thigh, flexes leg, and helps to rotate leg medially
35
Q

Obturator Externus

A 
P = margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane
D = trochanteric fossa of femur
N = Obturator N (L3 and L4)
A = laterally rotates thigh; steadies head of femur in acetabulum
36
Q

Sciatic Nerve

A

tibial and common fibular components, exits pelivs through greater sciatic foreman, descends down the posterior thigh

37
Q

Superior Gluteal nerve

A

exits through greater sciatic foramen superior to piriformis

motor–> gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and TFL

38
Q

Inferior Gluteal

A

exits through sciatic foramen inferior to piriformis

motor supply–>gluteus maximus

39
Q

Nerve to obturator internus

A

supplies obturator unternus and superior gamellus

40
Q

Nerve to quadratus femoris

A

supplies quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus

41
Q

Pudendal nerve

A

pass through greater sciatic foramen–> SUPPLIES NO STRUCTURE IN GLUTEAL REGION

supplies perineal muscles

42
Q

Biceps Femoris (long head)

A 
P = Ischial tuberosity
D = lateral side of head of fibula; tendon is split by fibular collateral knee ligament
N = tibial division of sciatic N (L5, S1, S2)
A = Flexes leg and rotates it laterally when knee flexed; extends thigh at hip joint
43
Q

Biceps Femoris (short head)

A 
P = Linear aspera and lateral supracondylar line of femur
D = lateral side of head of fibula; tendon is split by fibular collateral knee ligament
N = Common fibular (peroneal) division of sciatic N (L5, S1, S2)
A = Flexes leg and rotates it laterally (IT DOES NOT HAVE A DIRECT EFFECT ON THE HIP)
44
Q

Semitendinosus

A 
P = Ischial tuberosity
D = Medial surface of superior part of tibia
N = Tibial division of sciatic N (L5, S1, S2)
A = Extend thigh; flex leg and rotate it medially with knee flexed
45
Q

Semimembranosus

A 
P = Ischial tuberosity
D = Posterior part of medial tibial condyle; reflective attachment forms oblique popliteal ligament (to lateral femoral condyle)
N = Tibial division of sciatic N (L5, S1, S2)
A = Extend thigh; flex leg and rotate it medially with knee flexed
46
Q

Popliteal Fossa Boundaries

A

Superolaterally–> biceps femoris
Superomedially–> semimembransosus and semitendinosus
Inferiorly–> 2 heads of the gastrocnemius
Roof–> skin and fascia
Floor–> popliteal surface of the femur, oblique popliteal ligament, expansion of the semimbransous tendon, popliteus fascia

47
Q

Contents of popliteal fossa

A

popliteal artery
popliteal vein
small saphenous vein
tibial and common fibular nerves

48
Q

Menisci

A

fibrocartilage disks that deepen joint surface and reduce shock, provide proprioceptive feedback

medial meniscus
lateral mensicus

49
Q

MCL (medial collateral ligaments)

A

Attachments–> medial epicondyle to medial tibia plateau

resist valgus stress (a blow or force going from lateral through medial)

50
Q

LCL (lateral collateral ligaments)

A

Attachments: lateral epicondyle to head of fibula
NO attachmen with joint capsule or lateral meniscus

Function–>resist varsus stress (force going from medial through lateral knee)

51
Q

ACL (anterior cruciate ligament)

A

Attachment–> anterior tibia to posterior lateral femoral condyle

Function–> resist anterior translation of the tibia on the femur (injuries=forced hyper extension)

52
Q

PCL (posterior cruciate ligament)

A

Attachment–>posterior tibia to inner aspect of medial femoral condyle

Function–> resist posterior translation of the tibia on the femur

Anatomy (31 decks)

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