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Anatomy > abdomin part 1 > Flashcards

abdomin part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

RUQ

A

(i) Liver/gallbladder,
(ii) pylorus of stomach, duodenum, large intestine – ascending & R ½ of transverse
(iii) head of pancreas
(iv) R kidney

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2
Q

LUQ

A

(i) L lobe of liver, jejunum & proximal ileum, large intestine – descending & L ½ of transverse
(ii) spleen
(iii) body & tail of pancreas
(iv) L kidney

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3
Q

RLQ

A

(i) Cecum, inferior portion of ascending LI, appendix
(ii) R ureter, bladder (if distended)
(iii) Some reproductive structures
1. Female: R ovary, R uterine tube, uterus if enlarged
2. Male: spermatic cord – abdominal part

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4
Q

LLQ

A

(i) Sigmoid colon, inferior portion of descending LI,
(ii) L ureter, bladder (if distended)
(iii) Some reproductive structures
1. Female: L ovary, L uterine tube, uterus if enlarged
2. Male: spermatic cord – abdominal part

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5
Q

parietal layer of peritoneum

A

lines the wall of the abdominopelvic cavity

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6
Q

visceral layer

A

covers the gastrointestinal structures

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7
Q

external oblique

A

(i) O: ribs 5-12 (external surfaces)
(ii) I: linea alba, pubic tubercle and anterior ½ of iliac crest
(iii) N: thoracic nerves (T5-12) Note: T12 is named the subcostal nerve
(iv) A: flex & rotate trunk, compress viscera (assists with expiration), support viscera/spine
(v) NOTE: inferior aponeuroses folds back on itself to form the inguinal ligament

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8
Q

Internal oblique

A

(i) O: thoracolumbar fascia, anterior 2/3 of iliac crest, lateral ½ of inguinal ligament
(ii) I: ribs 10- 12, linea alba, pectin pubis
(iii) N: thoracic nerves (T6-12) and first lumbar nerves
(iv) A: flex & rotate trunk, compress viscera (assists with expiration), support viscera/spine

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9
Q

Transverse abdominal

A

(i) O: costal cartilage of ribs 7 –12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, lateral 1/3 of inguinal ligament
(ii) I: linea alba, pectin pubis, pubic crest
(iii) N: thoracic nerves (T6-12) and first lumbar nerves
(iv) A: compress viscera (assists with expiration), support viscera/spine

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10
Q

Rectus Abdominis

A

(i) O: costal cartilage of ribs 5 - 7, xiphoid process
(ii) I: pubic symphysis and pubic crest
(iii) N: thoracic nerves (T6-12)
(iv) A: flexes trunk, compress viscera (assists with expiration), support viscera/spine

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11
Q

above the arcuate line

A

porsterior portion of the rectus sheath covers the rectus abdominis

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12
Q

below arcuate line

A

rectus sheath travels anterior to rectus abdominis

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13
Q

indirect inguinal hernias

A

bowel protrudes through deep ring and descends though canal

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14
Q

Direct inguinal hernia

A

protrudes through anterior wall

most common hasselback’s triangle

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15
Q

Parietal layer of peritoneum

A

lines internal walls of abdominopelvic cavity

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16
Q

visceral layer of peritoneum

A

lines abdominal viscera

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17
Q

mesentary of peritoneum

A

dbl layer fold of peritoneum d/t invaginating on the peritoneum

suspends/connects organs to posterior abd wall

contains blood vessels, lymphtics, vessels and nerves`

18
Q

foregut

A

oropharynx to hepatopancreatic ampulla

blood supply–> celiac trunk

19
Q

midgut

A

hepatopancreatic ampulla to distal 1/3 of transverse colon

blood supply–> superior mesenteric artery

20
Q

hindgut

A

distal 1/3 of transverse colon to anus

blood supply–> inferior mesenteric artery

21
Q

ligament of trietz

A

loops over esophageal hiatus in diaphragm
peritoneal fold at junction of duodenum and jejunum

serves as signaling mechanism–> tells distal sphincters to be active or not active (bolus goes through, tugs on ligaments to let it know its coming)

22
Q

where is the jejunum

A

LUQ

23
Q

where is the ileum

A

RLQ

terminates at the ileocecal valve

24
Q

which ligaments anchor the spleen down

A

gastrosplenic ligament (stomach–>spleen)

splenorenal ligament (spleen–> kidney)

25
Q

function of spleen

A

filter RBC’s
store platelets
protects against infection, produces IgM

26
Q

Diverticulitits

A

inflammation or rupture (perf) of the diverticula (abnormal sacs or pouches in l.intestine)

27
Q

Diverticulosis

A

weakening of intestinal wall, and small balloon like pockets are formed

28
Q

taeniae coli

A

3 bands of longitudinal muscle, converge at appendix

29
Q

haustra

A

sacculations of large intestines formed by contractions of the taeniae coli

30
Q

complications of a splenectomy

A

atelactasis, thrombocytosis (increased platelets)

increased risk for thrombus formation

31
Q

main pancreatic duct (of wirsung)

A

joins with bile duct=hepatopancreatic ampulla, opens into descending portion of dueodenum

32
Q

Pancreas function

A

endocrine–> glucagon, insulin, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide

exocrine–> digestive enzymes

33
Q

what suspends liver in peritoneal cavity

A

falciform ligament–> peritoneal fold attaches to anterior abd wall (also splits liver into r and l lobes)

lesser omentum–> peritoneal fold attaches to lesser curvature of stomach

34
Q

Cantiles line

A

imaginary line between the gall bladder and IVC

demarcate functional devision

35
Q

Functional right lobe

A

the anatomical right lobe

36
Q

Functional left lobe

A

anatomical left lobe

portions of the anatomical right lobe (quadrate and caudate lobe)

37
Q

5 functions of the liver

A 
filter toxins, drugs, hormones,  blood cells
metabolises carbs, proteins and fats
releases hormones
has role in activating vit D
synthesis and secreton of bile
38
Q

how does liver get oxygen

A

Hepatic artery–> direct arterial blood supply (30%)

Portal vein–> oxygen poor blood (70%)

39
Q

portal HTN

A

cirrhosis impairs blood flow through liver
blood will anastomosis to get to IVC
anastomosis–> esophagus, rectum, epigastric veins

esophagus: esophageal varices
rectum: hemorrhoids
epigastric veins: caput medusae (dilated superficial veins in abdominal wall)

40
Q

What does the celiac trunk supply

A 
esophagus
stomach
proximal duodenum
liver/gall bladder
pancrease
spleen
41
Q

what does the superior mesenteric artery supply

A 
small intestines
large intestines (cecum, appendix, ascending colon, proximal 2/3 of transverse colon

Anatomy (31 decks)

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