abdomin part 1 Flashcards
RUQ
(i) Liver/gallbladder,
(ii) pylorus of stomach, duodenum, large intestine – ascending & R ½ of transverse
(iii) head of pancreas
(iv) R kidney
LUQ
(i) L lobe of liver, jejunum & proximal ileum, large intestine – descending & L ½ of transverse
(ii) spleen
(iii) body & tail of pancreas
(iv) L kidney
RLQ
(i) Cecum, inferior portion of ascending LI, appendix
(ii) R ureter, bladder (if distended)
(iii) Some reproductive structures
1. Female: R ovary, R uterine tube, uterus if enlarged
2. Male: spermatic cord – abdominal part
LLQ
(i) Sigmoid colon, inferior portion of descending LI,
(ii) L ureter, bladder (if distended)
(iii) Some reproductive structures
1. Female: L ovary, L uterine tube, uterus if enlarged
2. Male: spermatic cord – abdominal part
parietal layer of peritoneum
lines the wall of the abdominopelvic cavity
visceral layer
covers the gastrointestinal structures
external oblique
(i) O: ribs 5-12 (external surfaces)
(ii) I: linea alba, pubic tubercle and anterior ½ of iliac crest
(iii) N: thoracic nerves (T5-12) Note: T12 is named the subcostal nerve
(iv) A: flex & rotate trunk, compress viscera (assists with expiration), support viscera/spine
(v) NOTE: inferior aponeuroses folds back on itself to form the inguinal ligament
Internal oblique
(i) O: thoracolumbar fascia, anterior 2/3 of iliac crest, lateral ½ of inguinal ligament
(ii) I: ribs 10- 12, linea alba, pectin pubis
(iii) N: thoracic nerves (T6-12) and first lumbar nerves
(iv) A: flex & rotate trunk, compress viscera (assists with expiration), support viscera/spine
Transverse abdominal
(i) O: costal cartilage of ribs 7 –12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, lateral 1/3 of inguinal ligament
(ii) I: linea alba, pectin pubis, pubic crest
(iii) N: thoracic nerves (T6-12) and first lumbar nerves
(iv) A: compress viscera (assists with expiration), support viscera/spine
Rectus Abdominis
(i) O: costal cartilage of ribs 5 - 7, xiphoid process
(ii) I: pubic symphysis and pubic crest
(iii) N: thoracic nerves (T6-12)
(iv) A: flexes trunk, compress viscera (assists with expiration), support viscera/spine
above the arcuate line
porsterior portion of the rectus sheath covers the rectus abdominis
below arcuate line
rectus sheath travels anterior to rectus abdominis
indirect inguinal hernias
bowel protrudes through deep ring and descends though canal
Direct inguinal hernia
protrudes through anterior wall
most common hasselback’s triangle
Parietal layer of peritoneum
lines internal walls of abdominopelvic cavity
visceral layer of peritoneum
lines abdominal viscera
mesentary of peritoneum
dbl layer fold of peritoneum d/t invaginating on the peritoneum
suspends/connects organs to posterior abd wall
contains blood vessels, lymphtics, vessels and nerves`
foregut
oropharynx to hepatopancreatic ampulla
blood supply–> celiac trunk
midgut
hepatopancreatic ampulla to distal 1/3 of transverse colon
blood supply–> superior mesenteric artery
hindgut
distal 1/3 of transverse colon to anus
blood supply–> inferior mesenteric artery
ligament of trietz
loops over esophageal hiatus in diaphragm
peritoneal fold at junction of duodenum and jejunum
serves as signaling mechanism–> tells distal sphincters to be active or not active (bolus goes through, tugs on ligaments to let it know its coming)
where is the jejunum
LUQ
where is the ileum
RLQ
terminates at the ileocecal valve
which ligaments anchor the spleen down
gastrosplenic ligament (stomach–>spleen)
splenorenal ligament (spleen–> kidney)
function of spleen
filter RBC’s
store platelets
protects against infection, produces IgM
Diverticulitits
inflammation or rupture (perf) of the diverticula (abnormal sacs or pouches in l.intestine)
Diverticulosis
weakening of intestinal wall, and small balloon like pockets are formed
taeniae coli
3 bands of longitudinal muscle, converge at appendix
haustra
sacculations of large intestines formed by contractions of the taeniae coli
complications of a splenectomy
atelactasis, thrombocytosis (increased platelets)
increased risk for thrombus formation
main pancreatic duct (of wirsung)
joins with bile duct=hepatopancreatic ampulla, opens into descending portion of dueodenum
Pancreas function
endocrine–> glucagon, insulin, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide
exocrine–> digestive enzymes
what suspends liver in peritoneal cavity
falciform ligament–> peritoneal fold attaches to anterior abd wall (also splits liver into r and l lobes)
lesser omentum–> peritoneal fold attaches to lesser curvature of stomach
Cantiles line
imaginary line between the gall bladder and IVC
demarcate functional devision
Functional right lobe
the anatomical right lobe
Functional left lobe
anatomical left lobe
portions of the anatomical right lobe (quadrate and caudate lobe)
5 functions of the liver
filter toxins, drugs, hormones, blood cells metabolises carbs, proteins and fats releases hormones has role in activating vit D synthesis and secreton of bile
how does liver get oxygen
Hepatic artery–> direct arterial blood supply (30%)
Portal vein–> oxygen poor blood (70%)
portal HTN
cirrhosis impairs blood flow through liver
blood will anastomosis to get to IVC
anastomosis–> esophagus, rectum, epigastric veins
esophagus: esophageal varices
rectum: hemorrhoids
epigastric veins: caput medusae (dilated superficial veins in abdominal wall)
What does the celiac trunk supply
esophagus stomach proximal duodenum liver/gall bladder pancrease spleen
what does the superior mesenteric artery supply
small intestines large intestines (cecum, appendix, ascending colon, proximal 2/3 of transverse colon
