Heart Flashcards
Pericardium
fibroserous sac that surrounds heart
Fibrous Pericardium
outside sac
attaches to sternum via pericardiacophrenic ligament
attaches to sternum via sternopericardial ligament
Serous Pericardium
inside sac
Parietal layer
Visceral Layer: outer layer of heart known as epicardium
Pericardial Cavity
potential space between parietal and visceral layers, allows heart to move freely
Wall of Heart
Epicardium- visceral serous pericardium
Myocardium- cardiac muscle
Endocardium- smooth endothelial layer that lines heart and valves
Fibrous Skeleton
4 fibrous rings, surround orifices of valves
attachment for myocardium of atria & ventricles
provides attachment for cardiac valves
provides electrical insulation between atria and ventricles
Apex of Heart
Tip of left vetricle, in 5th intercostal space, between 5th and 6th ribs
Base of Heart
formed by left atrium, posterior side of heart
Right Border
right atrium, extending between SVC & IVC
Left Border
primarily left ventricle, some of left atrium
Inferior Border
primarily right ventricle and some left ventricle
Superior Border
jxn where great vessels enter and leave heart
Sternocostal (anterior) surface
mostly right ventircle
Diaphragmatic (inferior) surface
mostly left ventricle and partially right ventircle
Right Atrium
SVC/IVC
opening coronary sinus
fossa ovalis
tricuspid valve
Right Ventricle
tricuspid
papillary muscle/chordae tendinae
pulmonary valve
Left Atrium
Foramen ovale
4 opening of pulmonary veins
Left Ventricle
Bicuspid valve
papillary muscle/chordae tendinae
aortic valve
Great Vessicle
SVC IVC Pulmonary Trunk Right/left pulmonary veins Aorta
Superior Vena Cava
returns blood back to right atrium from areas superior to diaphragm (except from heart and lungs)
Inferior Vena Cava
return blood back to the right atrium from areas inferior the diaphragum
Pulmonary Trunk
Sends unoxygenated blood from right ventricle to lungs
Right/Left pulmonary veins
returns oxygenated blood back to the left atrium from the lungs
Aorta
sends blood to body from left venticle
Brachiocephalic Trunk
gives rise to the CCA and right subclavian vein
Tricuspid Valve
located between right atrium and right ventircle
chordae tendineae and papillary muscle anchor cusps of the valve
auscultate along left sternal border at 5th intercostal space
Pulmonary Valve (right semilunar valve)
located between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
auscultate along left 2nd intercostal
Bicuspid Valve
located between left atrium and left ventricle
chordae tendineae and papillary muscles anchor cusps of the valve
auscultate along apex (5th intercostal space)
Aortic Valve (left semulunar valve)
located between left ventricle and the aorta
auscultate along right 2nd intercostal space
Coronary Arteries
arise from the base of the aorta
right coronary artery (RCA)
left coronary artery (LCA)
Coronary Sinus
RCA (right coronary artery)
supplies rigth atrium & ventricle
nodal branches supply SA and AV nodes
marginal branch of RCA is portion that supplies the right ventricle
posterior interventricular artery (right posterior descending)
LCA (left coronary artery)
divides into anterior interventricular artery and crcumflex artery
anterior interventricular artery (LAD)- supplies R/L ventricles and majority of interventricular septum
Circumflex artery- supplies left atrium and ventricle, marginal branch is portion that supplies left ventricle
Coronary Sinus
most of the cardiac veins drain into the coronary sinus
- coronary drains directly into the roght atrium
- great, middle, small cardiac veins and oblique vein of the left atrium all empty into coronary sinus
- anterior cardiac veins and smallest cardiac veins empty directly into the right atrium
Conducting System of Heart
SA node AV node AV bundle (oh his) L/R bundle branch Purkinjie fibers
Sympathetic Innervation of the Heart
Sympathetic
cervicle and thoracic sympathetic trunks, innervate atria and ventricles
fxn- increase HR and contractility
Parasympathetic Innervation of the Heart
innervate atria
decrease HR and contractility
