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Anatomy > Muscles of Back > Flashcards

Muscles of Back Flashcards

1
Q

Thoracolumbar Fascia

A

invests the deep muscles of back
attaches to the Sp and Tp of T/L regions
provides origin for latissmus dorsi, transverse abdominal, and internal oblique

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2
Q

Superficial Layers of the back

A

Extrinsic (controls upper limbs)

trapezius, latissmus dorsi, rhomboids and levator scapula

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3
Q

Intermediate Layer of the back

A

Extrinsic, controls respiration

serratus posterior superior and inferior

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4
Q

Superficial layer of the deep back muscles

A

splenius capitus and cervicis

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5
Q

Intermediate layer of the deep back muscle

A

erector spinae (3 columns-iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis)

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6
Q

Deep layer of the deep back muscles

A

transversospinal muscle group (semispinalis, multifidi, rotatores)

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7
Q

Trapezius

A

O: medial 1/3 of the superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T12

I: lateral 1/3 of the clavicle, medial side of the acromion and the upper crest of the scapular spine, tubercle of the scapular spine

N: motor: spinal accessory (XI)

A:elevates and depresses the scapula (depending on which part of the muscle contracts); rotates the scapula superiorly; retracts scapula

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8
Q

Latissimus Dorsi

A

O: vertebral spines from T7 to the sacrum, posterior third of the iliac crest, lower 3 or 4 ribs, sometimes from the inferior angle of the scapula

I: floor of the intertubercular groove

N:thoracodorsal nerve (C7,8) from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus

A:extends the arm and rotates the arm medially

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9
Q

Rhomboid Minor

A

O:inferior end of the ligamentum nuchae, spines of vertebrae C7 and T1

I:medial border of the scapula at the root of the spine of the scapula

N:dorsal scapular nerve (C5)

A:retracts, elevates and rotates the scapula inferiorly

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10
Q

Rhomboid Major

A

O: spines of vertebrae T2-T5

I: medial border of the scapula inferior to the spine of the scapula

N: dorsal scapular nerve (C5)

A: retracts, elevates and rotates the scapula inferiorly

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11
Q

Levator Scapula

A

O:transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae

I:medial border of the scapula from the superior angle to the spine

N:dorsal scapular nerve (C5); the upper part of the muscle receives branches of C3 & C4

A:elevates the scapula

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12
Q

Serratus Posterior Superior

A

O:ligamentum nuchae, spines of vertebrae C7 -T3

I:superior borders of ribs 2-4

N: intercostals nerves 2-5 (branches of the ventral primary rami)

A:elevates the upper ribs

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13
Q

Serratus Posterior Inferior

A

O:thoracolumbar fascia, SP’s of vertebrae T11-L2

I: ribs 8-12 (inferior borders near their angles)

N:branches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves T9-T12

A:pulls down lower ribs

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14
Q

Splenius Capitis

A

O: ligamentum nuchae and spines of C7-T4 vertebrae

I:mastoid process and lateral end of the superior nuchal line

N: dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C2-C6

A:Bilateral: extends neck/head
Unilateral: lateral flex and rotate head/neck to same side

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15
Q

Splenius Cervicis

A

O: ligamentum nuchae and spines of C7-T4 vertebrae

I: posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of C1-C3 or 4 vertebrae

N: dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C2-C6

A:Bilateral: extends neck/head
Unilateral: lateral flex and rotate head/neck to same side

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16
Q

Iliocostalis- lumborum, thoracis, and cervicis

A

O: broad tendon from posterior part iliac crest and sacrum, SP’s of lower L and S, supraspinus ligament

I: angles of the ribs and cervical TP’s

N:dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves

A:Bilaterally: extends the vertebral column, assist with flexion (eccentric contraction)
Unilateral: laterally bends the vertebral column

17
Q

Longissimus- thoracis, cervics, capitis

A

O:broad tendon from posterior part iliac crest and sacrum, SP’s of lower L and S, supraspinus ligament

I:ribs, TP’s at superior vertebral levels, mastoid process

N:dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves

A:Bilaterally: extends the vertebral column, assist with flexion (eccentric contraction)
Unilateral: laterally bends the vertebral column

18
Q

Spinalis- spinalis thoracis, spinalis cervicis

A

O: broad tendon from posterior part iliac crest and sacrum, SP’s of lower L and S, supraspinus ligament

I: spinous processes at superior vertebral levels and base of the skull

N:dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves

A:Bilaterally: extends the vertebral column, assist with flexion (eccentric contraction)
Unilateral: laterally bends the vertebral column

19
Q

Semispinalis-thoracics, cervicis, capitis

A

O:TPs of C4-T12

I:capitis: back of skull between nuchal lines; cervicis & thoracis: SP’s 4-6 vertebrae above origin

N:dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves

A:Bilaterally: extends the head and vertebral column in C and T region, stabilize vertebrae during local or isolated movements of vertebral column, assit with extension of vertebral column
Unilateral: rotates the vertebral column to opposite side (contralateral rotation)
May have proprioceptive function

20
Q

Multifidus

A

O:sacrum,TPs of T1-L5 and articular pillars (AP’s) of C4-7

I:spinous processes 2-4 vertebral levels superior to their origin

N:dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves

A:Bilaterally: extends the head and vertebral column in C and T region, stabilize vertebrae during local or isolated movements of vertebral column, assit with extension of vertebral column
Unilateral: rotates the vertebral column to opposite side (contralateral rotation)
May have proprioceptive function

21
Q

Rotatores

A

O:TPs of vertebral column

I:long rotatores: SP’s (lamina) 2 vertebrae above origin
short rotatores: SP’s (lamina) 1 vertebrae above origin

N:dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves

A:Bilaterally: extends the head and vertebral column in C and T region, stabilize vertebrae during local or isolated movements of vertebral column, assit with extension of vertebral column
Unilateral: rotates the vertebral column to opposite side (contralateral rotation)
May have proprioceptive function

22
Q

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major

A

O: SP of C2 (axis)

I:inferior nuchal line (lateral portion)

N: suboccipital nerve (DPR of C1)

A: extends the head, rotate head to same side (ipsilateral rotation)

23
Q

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor

A

O: posterior tubercle of C1 (atlas)

I: inferior nuchal line (medial portion)

N: suboccipital nerve (DPR of C1)

A:extends the head, rotate head to same side (ipslateral rotation)

24
Q

Oblique Capitis Inferior

A

O: SP of the C2 (axis)

I: TP of C1 (atlas)

N: suboccipital nerve (DPR of C1)

A: rotates the head to the same side (ipslateral rotation)

25
Q

Oblique Capitis Superior

A

O: TP of C1 (atlas)

I: occipital bone above inferior nuchal line

N: suboccipital nerve (DPR of C1)

A: extends the head, rotates the head to the same side

26
Q

Medial boarder of Suboccipital Triangle

A

rectus capitus posterior major

27
Q

Lateral Boarder of Suboccipital Triangle

A

obliquus capitis superior muscle

28
Q

Inferior Boarder of Suboccipital Triangle

A

oblique capitus inferior

29
Q

Contents of Suboccipital triangle

A

vertebral artery
suboccipital nerve (C1)
blood vessels

30
Q

Floor of Suboccipital Triangle

A

posterior arche of atlas

posterior atlanto-occipital membrane

31
Q

Roof of Suboccipital Triangle

A

semispinalis capitis

longissimus capitis

Anatomy (31 decks)

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