Test 4 Renal

Question 1

relaxed when bladder is at rest and flexed during urination

Answer 1

Detrusor muscle

Question 2

allows the bladder to stretch

Answer 2

transitional epithelium

Question 3

what percent of renal blood flow does renal blood flow receive

Answer 3

20-25 percent

Question 4

The filtration of the plasma per unit of time is known as _______ which is directly related to the perfusion pressure in the glomerular

Answer 4

glomerular filtration rate GFR

Question 5

a local mechanism that tends to keep the rate of glomerular perfusion and there for the GFR fairly constant over a range of arterial pressures between 80 and 180 mmHg

Answer 5

autoregulation

Question 6

as arterial pressure declines, the stretch on the afferent arteriolar smooth muscle decreases and the arterial relaxes, causing an increase in glomerular perfusion, an increase in arteriolar pressure causes the arteriole smooth muscle to contract and decrease glomerular perfusion

Answer 6

myogenic mechanism

Question 7

as the GFR in an individual nephron increases or decreases, the macula dense cells in the distal tubule sense the increasing or decreasing amounts of filtered sodium, when sodium filtration increases the macula dense cells stimulate afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction to decrease GFR

Answer 7

Tubuloglomerular feedback

Question 8

The innervation of the kidney come primarily from the what?

Answer 8

celiac ganglion and greater splanchnic nerve

Question 9

released during heart failure or when atrium is stretched
Inhibits renin and aldosterone
Causes a decrease in water retention

Answer 9

ANP

Question 10

what does the proximal tube reabsorb

Answer 10

Na

K

Question 11

what does the proximal tube secrete

Answer 11

H

Foreign substances

Question 12

what does the distal tube reabsorb

Answer 12

H2O (ADH required)

Question 13

what does the distal tube secrete

Answer 13

K
Urea
H
NH3
some drugs

Question 14

what does the collecting duct reabsorb

Answer 14

H20 (ADH required)

Question 15

is an end product of protein metabolism and is the major constitute of urine
Can regulate pH

Answer 15

urea

Question 16

important for diluting and concentrating urine

Epi and nore epi

Answer 16

catecholamines

Question 17

secreted from the kidneys to produce diuresis during period of hypertension

Answer 17

urodilantin

Question 18

is any agent that enhances the flow of urine

Interefers with renal sodium reabsorption

Answer 18

diuretic

Question 19

important for calcium absorption in the intestines

Answer 19

Vitamine D

Question 20

stimulates the production of RBCs

Answer 20

erythropoietin

Question 21

incomplete opening of the bladder neck during urination resulting in partial obstruction of urinary flow

Answer 21

bladder neck dyssynergia

Question 22

refers to the dysfunction of the urinary bladder due to disease of the central nervous system or peripheral nerves involved on the control of micturition

Answer 22

neurogenic bladder

Question 23

lesions above C2 cause

Answer 23

detrusor hyperreflexia

Question 24

lesions between C2 and S1 cause

Answer 24

detrusor hyperflexia with vesicosphincter dyssynergia

Question 25

lesions below S1 cause

Answer 25

detrusor areflexia, with or without urethral sphincter incompetence

Question 26

is inflammation of the urinary epithelium following invasion of colonization by some pathogen within the urinary tract

Answer 26

UTI

Question 27

inflammation of the bladder

Answer 27

cystitis

Question 28

acute infection of the ureter, renal pelvis, and or renal parenchyma (bacterial travel)

Answer 28

acute pyelonephritis

Question 29

persistent or recurring episodes of pyelonephritis

Risk increases in individuals with renal infections and some ape of obstructive pathologic condition

Answer 29

chronic pyelonephritis

Question 30

Inflammation of the glomerulus

Inflammation of the small blood vessels in the kidneys

Answer 30

Glomerulonephritis

Question 31

Decreased glomerular filtration rate leased to

Answer 31

Elevated plasma creatinine and urea

Reduced creatinine clearance

Question 32

Increased globular capillary permeability and loss of negative ionic charge barrier result in

Answer 32

passage of plasma proteins (albumin) into the urine

Question 33

is the excretion of 3.0g or more of protein in the urine per day

Answer 33

nephrotic syndrome

Question 34

clinic manifestations of nephrotic syndrome

Answer 34

hypoalbuminemia
Edema
Hyperlipidemia
Lipiduria

Question 35

caused by impaired renal blood flow

GFR declines due to the decrease in filtration pressure

Answer 35

Prerenal acute renal failure

Question 36

is the most common cause of intrarenal renal failure

Answer 36

Acute tubular necrosis

Question 37

occurs with urinary tract obstructions that affect the kidneys bilaterally

Answer 37

psotrenal acute renal failure

Question 38

is the irreversible loss of renal function that affects nearly all organ systems

Answer 38

chronic renal failure

Question 39

the presence of abnormal quantities of protein in the urine

May indicate damage to kidneys

Answer 39

Proteinuria

Question 40

the production of abnormally small amounts of urine

Answer 40

Oliguria

Question 41

excess amounts of sugar in urine

Answer 41

Glucosuria