Test 1 chapter 11 Flashcards
3 stages of the GAS syndrome
Alarm
Resistance/Adaption
Exhaustion
stressor triggers hypothalmic-pituitary adrenal axis
Activates sympathetic nervous system
Alarm stage
mobilization to flight/flee/freeze
Adrenal hormones actions of cortisol, epinephrine and norepinephrine
resistance/Adaptation
if stress continues and adaption unsuccessful then progressive breakdown of compensatory mechanisms will happen and cause disease on set and impaired immune response and cardiac and renal failure and then death
exhaustion stage
catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine) short acting
Energy for self-preservation
stress SAM axis
corticosteroids (cortisol) long acting, sustained
Perception of stress
stress HPA axis
circulate bound to albumin
catecholamines
catecholamine that is widespread, short action due to repaid metabolism
epinephrin
regulates blood pressure by constricting smooth meuscle in all blood vessels
During stress it reissues blood pressure by constricting peripheral vessels, it dilates the pupils, cause piloerrection, and increases sweet gland action in the armpits and palms
norepinephrine
causes transient hyperglycemia, decrease glucose uptake in the muscle and other organs and decreases insulin release from the pancreas
epinephrin
Epinephrin cardiac effects
increase myocardial contractility
Increases heart rate
Increase venous return to the heart
epinephrin binds to what receptors
Alpha and beta adrenergic receptors
norepinephrine binds to what receptors
alpha adrenergic receptors
epinephrine metabolic effects
Dilates skeletal muscle vessels which increases O2
Transient hyperglycemia
Decreases glucose uptake and insulin release
Mobilizes free fatty acids and cholesterol by stimulating lipolysis
adaptive physiological response to stress
allostasis
