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Patho > Test 1 chapter 7 > Flashcards

Test 1 chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

very motile first to arrive to site of infection and begin phagocytosis
Contain granulocytes

A

neutrophils

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2
Q

initiate vasodilation and capillary permeability

A

neutrophils

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3
Q

increased when there is a bacterial infection

A

neutrophils

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4
Q

neutrophils are more in common in what type of inflammation

A

acute inflammation

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5
Q

increase indicated parasitic worm infection

Has minor phagocytosis

A

eosinophils

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6
Q

mast cells release what to attract eosinophils to site of inflammation

A

ECF-A

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7
Q

eosinophils release what to help end inflammatory response

A

histaminase

Also causes damage to cell

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8
Q

histamine initiates what

A

inflammation

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9
Q

cells that circulate in the blood for a few days

A

monocytes

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10
Q

when monocytes leave the blood and enter the tissue they change into cells called

A

macrophages

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11
Q

BIG eaters

do not die after eating something

A

Macrophages

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12
Q

produce cytokines( suppress further inflammation and initiate healing) and activate adaptive immune system

A

macrophages

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13
Q

macrophages are most common in what type of inflammation

A

chronic

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14
Q

3 goals of cells when cell injury occurs

A

confine damage
kill microorganisms
remove debris

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15
Q

cardinal signs of local inflammation

A

redness, heat (vasodilation)
swelling (increased vascular permeability)
pain (kinin)

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16
Q

cardinal signs of systemic inflammation

A

fever
leukocytosis
plasma protein synthesis

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17
Q

increased number of white cells in the blood

A

leukocytosis

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18
Q

site of acute inflammation

A

vascular

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19
Q

site of chronic inflammation

A

connective tissue

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20
Q

cells involved in acute inflammation

A

neutrophils
platelets
mast cells

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21
Q

cell involved in chronic inflammation

A

monocytes
macrophages
lymphocytes

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22
Q

proteins activated by tissue damage/infection

Essential to effective inflammatory response

A

the plasma protein systems

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23
Q

what are the three plasma protein systems

A

complement system
clotting system
kinin system

24
Q

what is the function of the complement system

A

anaphylatoxis
leukocyte chemotaxis
opsonization
cell lysis

25
Q

induces rapid mast cell degranulation and the release of histamine, causing vasodilation and increased capillary permeability

A

anaphylatoxis

26
Q

are molecules that “tag” microorganisms for destruction by cells of the inflammatory system (primarily neutrophils and macrophages)

A

opsonins

27
Q

is a group of plasma proteins that form a fibrinous meshwork at an injured or inflamed site

A

clotting system

28
Q

the main substance in the fibrinous mesh is an insoluble protein called ____ that is the end product of the coagulation cascade

A

fibrin

29
Q

the tissue factor pathway is activated by tissue factor TF that is released by damaged endothelial cells in blood vessels and reacts with activated factor VII

A

extrinsic pathway

30
Q

pathway activated when the vessel wall is damaged

A

intrinsic pathway

31
Q

extrinsic and intrinsic pathways converge at

A

factor x

32
Q

common pathway to fibrin clot

A

factor x

33
Q

activates inflammatory cells

A

kinin

34
Q

the primary kinin produced from the kinin system is

A

bradykinin

35
Q

what does bradykinin do

A

causes vasodilation
acts with prostaglandins to stimulate nerve endings
increases vascular permeability
leukocyte chemotaxis

36
Q

many cells secret soluble factors that contribute to the regulation of innate or adaptive resistance by affecting other neighboring cells

A

cytokines

37
Q

cytokines are either ____ or _____

A

pro-inflammatory

anti-inflammatory

38
Q

systemic induction of fever by some cytokines that are produced at an inflammatory site

A

endogenous pyrogens

39
Q

same molecule had different biological activity dependent on binding target cell

A

pleiotropic

40
Q

produced primarily by macrophages and lymphocytes in response to pathogen or stimulation by other products of inflammation

A

interleukins

41
Q

cytokine produced mainly by macrophages that have been stimulated by substances associated with infection

A

IL-1

42
Q

a cytokine that is an endogenous pyrogen that reacts with receptors on cells of the hypothalamus and affects the bodes thermostat

A

IL-1

43
Q

cytokine that is primarily produced by lymphocytes and suppresses the growth of lymphocytes and the production of pro inflammatory cytokines by macrophages, leading to the down-regulation of both inflammation and the adaptive immune response

A

IL-10

44
Q

protect against viral infections and modulate the inflammatory response
Species specific

A

interferons

45
Q

produced and released by infected host cells and induce synthesis of antiviral protein in uninfected cell that blocks viral replication

A

interferon

46
Q

interferons produced by macrophages

A

IFN alpha

IFN beta

47
Q

induce production of antiviral proteins and interfere with viral transcriptase or replication

A

IFN alpha

IFN beta

48
Q

interferons released by t lymphocytes

A

IFN gamma

49
Q

enhances the microbiocidal activity of macrophages

A

IFN gamma

50
Q

secreted by macrophages and mast cells
has proinflammatory effects
Causes muscle wasting and intravascular thrombosis as a consequence of prolonged production

A

TNF alpha

51
Q

what does histamine do

A

increase blood flow to microcirculation by temporary, rapid constriction of large blood vessels and dilation of postcapillary venues
Increases vascular permeability by retraction of endothelial cells lining capillaries

52
Q

histamine receptor that is pro-inflammatory

A

H1

53
Q

histamine receptor that os anti-inflammatory

A

H2

54
Q

histamine receptor that is present on smooth muscles cells especially those of the bronchi and causes bronchoconstriction

A

H1 receptor

55
Q

histamine receptor found on gastric mucosa parietal cells and induces secretion of gastric acid which reduces chemotaxis of cells

A

H2 receptor

Patho (19 decks)

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