Test 1 chapter 7

Question 1

very motile first to arrive to site of infection and begin phagocytosis
Contain granulocytes

Answer 1

neutrophils

Question 2

initiate vasodilation and capillary permeability

Answer 2

neutrophils

Question 3

increased when there is a bacterial infection

Answer 3

neutrophils

Question 4

neutrophils are more in common in what type of inflammation

Answer 4

acute inflammation

Question 5

increase indicated parasitic worm infection

Has minor phagocytosis

Answer 5

eosinophils

Question 6

mast cells release what to attract eosinophils to site of inflammation

Answer 6

ECF-A

Question 7

eosinophils release what to help end inflammatory response

Answer 7

histaminase

Also causes damage to cell

Question 8

histamine initiates what

Answer 8

inflammation

Question 9

cells that circulate in the blood for a few days

Answer 9

monocytes

Question 10

when monocytes leave the blood and enter the tissue they change into cells called

Answer 10

macrophages

Question 11

BIG eaters

do not die after eating something

Answer 11

Macrophages

Question 12

produce cytokines( suppress further inflammation and initiate healing) and activate adaptive immune system

Answer 12

macrophages

Question 13

macrophages are most common in what type of inflammation

Answer 13

chronic

Question 14

3 goals of cells when cell injury occurs

Answer 14

confine damage
kill microorganisms
remove debris

Question 15

cardinal signs of local inflammation

Answer 15

redness, heat (vasodilation)
swelling (increased vascular permeability)
pain (kinin)

Question 16

cardinal signs of systemic inflammation

Answer 16

fever
leukocytosis
plasma protein synthesis

Question 17

increased number of white cells in the blood

Answer 17

leukocytosis

Question 18

site of acute inflammation

Answer 18

vascular

Question 19

site of chronic inflammation

Answer 19

connective tissue

Question 20

cells involved in acute inflammation

Answer 20

neutrophils
platelets
mast cells

Question 21

cell involved in chronic inflammation

Answer 21

monocytes
macrophages
lymphocytes

Question 22

proteins activated by tissue damage/infection

Essential to effective inflammatory response

Answer 22

the plasma protein systems

Question 23

what are the three plasma protein systems

Answer 23

complement system
clotting system
kinin system

Question 24

what is the function of the complement system

Answer 24

anaphylatoxis
leukocyte chemotaxis
opsonization
cell lysis

Question 25

induces rapid mast cell degranulation and the release of histamine, causing vasodilation and increased capillary permeability

Answer 25

anaphylatoxis

Question 26

are molecules that "tag" microorganisms for destruction by cells of the inflammatory system (primarily neutrophils and macrophages)

Answer 26

opsonins

Question 27

is a group of plasma proteins that form a fibrinous meshwork at an injured or inflamed site

Answer 27

clotting system

Question 28

the main substance in the fibrinous mesh is an insoluble protein called ____ that is the end product of the coagulation cascade

Answer 28

fibrin

Question 29

the tissue factor pathway is activated by tissue factor TF that is released by damaged endothelial cells in blood vessels and reacts with activated factor VII

Answer 29

extrinsic pathway

Question 30

pathway activated when the vessel wall is damaged

Answer 30

intrinsic pathway

Question 31

extrinsic and intrinsic pathways converge at

Answer 31

factor x

Question 32

common pathway to fibrin clot

Answer 32

factor x

Question 33

activates inflammatory cells

Answer 33

kinin

Question 34

the primary kinin produced from the kinin system is

Answer 34

bradykinin

Question 35

what does bradykinin do

Answer 35

causes vasodilation acts with prostaglandins to stimulate nerve endings increases vascular permeability leukocyte chemotaxis

Question 36

many cells secret soluble factors that contribute to the regulation of innate or adaptive resistance by affecting other neighboring cells

Answer 36

cytokines

Question 37

cytokines are either ____ or _____

Answer 37

pro-inflammatory | anti-inflammatory

Question 38

systemic induction of fever by some cytokines that are produced at an inflammatory site

Answer 38

endogenous pyrogens

Question 39

same molecule had different biological activity dependent on binding target cell

Answer 39

pleiotropic

Question 40

produced primarily by macrophages and lymphocytes in response to pathogen or stimulation by other products of inflammation

Answer 40

interleukins

Question 41

cytokine produced mainly by macrophages that have been stimulated by substances associated with infection

Answer 41

IL-1

Question 42

a cytokine that is an endogenous pyrogen that reacts with receptors on cells of the hypothalamus and affects the bodes thermostat

Answer 42

IL-1

Question 43

cytokine that is primarily produced by lymphocytes and suppresses the growth of lymphocytes and the production of pro inflammatory cytokines by macrophages, leading to the down-regulation of both inflammation and the adaptive immune response

Answer 43

IL-10

Question 44

protect against viral infections and modulate the inflammatory response Species specific

Answer 44

interferons

Question 45

produced and released by infected host cells and induce synthesis of antiviral protein in uninfected cell that blocks viral replication

Answer 45

interferon

Question 46

interferons produced by macrophages

Answer 46

IFN alpha | IFN beta

Question 47

induce production of antiviral proteins and interfere with viral transcriptase or replication

Answer 47

IFN alpha | IFN beta

Question 48

interferons released by t lymphocytes

Answer 48

IFN gamma

Question 49

enhances the microbiocidal activity of macrophages

Answer 49

IFN gamma

Question 50

secreted by macrophages and mast cells has proinflammatory effects Causes muscle wasting and intravascular thrombosis as a consequence of prolonged production

Answer 50

TNF alpha

Question 51

what does histamine do

Answer 51

increase blood flow to microcirculation by temporary, rapid constriction of large blood vessels and dilation of postcapillary venues Increases vascular permeability by retraction of endothelial cells lining capillaries

Question 52

histamine receptor that is pro-inflammatory

Answer 52

H1

Question 53

histamine receptor that os anti-inflammatory

Answer 53

H2

Question 54

histamine receptor that is present on smooth muscles cells especially those of the bronchi and causes bronchoconstriction

Answer 54

H1 receptor

Question 55

histamine receptor found on gastric mucosa parietal cells and induces secretion of gastric acid which reduces chemotaxis of cells

Answer 55

H2 receptor