Test 1 chapter 2

Question 1

part of the life cycle

Answer 1

physiological

Question 2

injury or illness

Answer 2

pathological

Question 3

Are reversible changes in the cell

Answer 3

cellular adaptations

Question 4

is a decrease or shrinkage in cellular size

Answer 4

atrophy

Question 5

occurs with early develpoment

Ex. the thymus undergoes atrophy during childhood

Answer 5

physiological atrophy

Question 6

occurs as a result of decrease in workload, use, pressure, blood supply, nutrition, hormonal stimulation, and nervous stimulation

Answer 6

pathological atrophy

Question 7

is an increase in the size of cells and consequently in the size of the affected organ

Answer 7

hypertrophy

Question 8

is an increase in the number of cells resulting from an increased rate of cellular division
In response to injury it occurs when the injury has been sever and prolonged

Answer 8

hyperplasia

Question 9

refers to abnormal changes in the size, shape, and organization of mature cells
Closest to neoplasia

Answer 9

Dysplasia

Question 10

is the reversible replacement of one mature cell by another, sometimes less differentiated, cell type

Answer 10

metaplasia

Question 11

lack of sufficient oxygen

Answer 11

hypoxia

Question 12

an inadequate supply of blood to an organ or part of the body

Answer 12

ischemia

Question 13

is an electorally uncharged atom or group of atoms having an unpaired electron

Answer 13

free radical

Question 14

Two things that cause direct toxicity to a cell membrane chemically

Answer 14

free radicals

lipid peroxidation

Question 15

when free radicals steal electrons from in lipids in the cell membrane causing cell damage

Answer 15

lipid peroxidation

Question 16

causes of chemical cell injury

Answer 16

air pollutants
insecticides
social drugs
acetaminophen
dry cleaning

Question 17

a decreased volume of circulating blood in the body

Answer 17

hypovolemia

Question 18

rapid loss of the plasma membrane structure, organelle swelling, and mitochondrial dysfunction

Answer 18

necrosis

Question 19

a regulated or programmed cell process

Answer 19

apoptosis

Question 20

necrosis that occurs primarily in the kidneys, heart, and adrenal glands

Answer 20

dry: coagulative

Question 21

necrosis caused by protein denaturation or irruption of aerial blood flow

Answer 21

dry: coagulative

Question 22

necrosis that occurs in internal organs including the brain

Answer 22

wet: liquefactive

Question 23

necrosis that involves hydrolase

Answer 23

wet: liquefactive

Question 24

necrosis that can be caused by problems in venous blood flow

Answer 24

wet: liquefactive

Question 25

necrosis caused by TB pulmonary infection

Answer 25

caseous

Question 26

necrosis that is a combination of coagulative and liquefactive

Answer 26

caseous

Question 27

necrosis in which the tissue appears soft and granular

Answer 27

caseous

Question 28

necrosis that occurs in the breast, pancreas, and abdominal structures

Answer 28

fat

Question 29

necrosis caused by cellular dissolution caused by lipase

Answer 29

fat

Question 30

necrosis that appears opaque and chalk white

Answer 30

fat

Question 31

necrosis caused by bacteria that produces enzymes that destroy connective tissue and cause bubble in muscle cells

Answer 31

gan gangrenous

Question 32

decrease in body temperature after death

Answer 32

algor mortis

Question 33

blood gravity dependent purplish discoloration after death

Answer 33

livor mortis

Question 34

muscle stiffening after death

Answer 34

rigor mortis

Question 35

putrefaction, flaccidity, greenish discoloration, bloating

Answer 35

postmortem autolysis