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Patho > Test 3 Neuro part 2 > Flashcards

Test 3 Neuro part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

decreased muscle tone
Passive movement without resistance
Nerve impulses lost
Flaccidity

A

Hypotonia

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2
Q

increased muscle tone
increased resistance to passive movement
Spasticity

A

hypertonia

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3
Q

What parts are involved with the lower motor neuron

A

Bulbar
Anterior horn cell
primary muscle
myoneural junction

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4
Q

what parts are involved with the upper motor neuron

A

Motor cortex
Internal capsule
Brainstem
spinal cord

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5
Q

what neurotransmitters are inhibitory

A

Dopamine and GABA

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6
Q

what neurotransmitters are excitatory

A

Acetylcholine

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7
Q

which motor neuron effects muscle groups, has minimal muscle atrophy, no fasciculations, increased DTR, hypertonia and spasticity, and has a babinski sign

A

Upper motor neuron (pyramidal)

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8
Q

which motor neuron effect individual muscles, has marked muscle atrophy, has fasciculations, decreased DTR, hypotonia and flaccidity, and does not have a babinski sign

A

lower motor neuron (antiriot horn and cranial nerve nuclei)

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9
Q

neurodegenerative disorderthat diffuselt affects upper and lower motor neuron of cerebral cortex, brain stem, and spinal cord
Selectively affects motor function
Progressive weakness leading to reparatory failure and death

A

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ALS

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10
Q

starts in the parental gyris

causes movement

A

pyramidal motor pathway

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11
Q

starts in the basil ganglia and modifies movement

A

extrapyramidal motor pathway

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12
Q

synthesizes and releases dopamine

A

substantia nigra

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13
Q

signal the corpus striatum to inhibit motor movement to make sure movement is controlled and smooth

A

dopamine

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14
Q

Voluntary movement paralysis, increased DTRs, babinski sign present, no involuntary movement, spastic muscle tone

A

pyramidal motor syndromes

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15
Q

little to no paralysis of voluntary movement, DTR slightly increased or WNL, absent babinski sign, tremor, chorea, athertosis, or dystonia, plastic or intermittent (cogwheel) rigidity

A

extrapyramidal syndromes

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16
Q

involuntary movements

A

dyskinesia

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17
Q

severe degernation/atrophy of basal ganglia (corpus striatum) involving dopaminergic pathwyas leading to impaired direct (movement facilitation) and indirect (movement inhibition) motor pathways
Defect of post synaptic receptors

A

Parkinsons Disease

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18
Q

movement that is slow, sinuous, distal extremities

A

athetosis

19
Q

flapping hands

A

asterixis

20
Q

reapid irregular contraction of muscle groups

A

chorea

21
Q

movement of face trunk and extremities

A

tardive

22
Q

traumatic injury of vertebral and neural tissues dut to compressing, pulling, or shearing forces
Loss of motor, sensory, reflex, and autonomic function below transected/ischemic area

A

spinal cord trauma

23
Q

Complete loss of reflex function at and below injury level; suprasegmental impulses inhibited
Paralysis, flaccidity, no sensation, no bladder or rectal control, hypothermia, hypotension
Over when reflexes return and spastic paralysis replaces flaccidity

A

spinal shock

24
Q

Loss of sympathetic outflow
Cervical/ upper thoracic injury
Unopposed parasympathetic (intact vagus nerve)
Vasodilation, hypotension, bradycardia, hypothermia

A

neurogenic shock

25
Q

T1-L2 innervation

A

sympathetic nervous system

26
Q

cranial nerve and sacral innervation

A

parasympathetic nervous system

27
Q

sudden, massive, uncompensated CV response to SNS stimulation of sensory receptors below level of cord lesion

A

Autonomic hyperreflexia

28
Q

plasma membrane disrupted, edema compresses capilares

Contralateral paresis, paralysis, dysphasia, dysphagia, agnosia

A

cerebrovascular accidents CVA

29
Q

types of ischemic stroke

A

thrombotic

embolic

30
Q

Arterial occlusions caused by thrombi formed in arteries supplying brain or in intracranial vessels
transient ischemic attacks

A

Thrombotic stroke

31
Q

fragments that break from throbs formed outside brain

A

embolic

32
Q

location of CVA when there is bruit, retinal emboli, TIA history

A

Internal carotid

33
Q

location of CVA when there is contralateral hemiparesis/plegia (UE>LE), contralateral sensory loss, aphasia/dysphasia, dysarthia, contralateral homonymous hemanopsia, hyperhidrosis, Cheyne-Stokes breathing

A

middle cerebral

34
Q

location of CVA when there is contralateral hemiparesis/plegia/proprioception, tongue weakness/dysarthia

A

vertebral

35
Q

location of CVA when there is contralateral hemiparesis (LE>UE), contralateral LE sensory loss, apraxia

A

anterior cerebral

36
Q

location of CVA when there is contralateral hemiplegia and sensory loss, dyskinesia, ataxia, tremor, agnosia, bilateral: coma, visual loss, absent doll eyes and decrease LOC

A

posterior cerebral

37
Q

Blood escapes from defective/injured vasculature into subarachnoid space and causes an inflammatory response
Decreased LOC, positive Kernig and Brudzinski sign, photophobia, nuchal rigidity, papilledema

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

38
Q

inflammation and swelling of the optic nerve

A

papilledema

39
Q

Progressive, inflammatory, demyelinating CNS disorder

Involves sensory and motor neurons

A

multiple sclerosis

40
Q

Acquired inflammatory disease causing demyelination of peripheral nerves with relative sparing of axons
Autoimmune disease preceded by viral or bacterial infection

A

Guillain-Barree syndrome

41
Q

Chronic autoimmune disease
IgG antibodies produced against acetylcholine receptors that act at neuromuscular junction
Defect in nerve impulse transmission

A

Myasthenia Gravis

42
Q

prolonged, uncontrollable sadness

A

Depression

43
Q

Decreased neurotransmitter activity in major depression is caused by

A

Decreased receptro sensitivity
Increased neurotransmitter release
Increased neurotransmitter reuptake
increased neurotransmitter metabolism by MAO

44
Q

Excessive and persistent worries

Abnormalities in the norepinephrine and serotonin systems

A

GAD

Patho (19 decks)

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