Test 3 Neuro part 2 Flashcards
decreased muscle tone
Passive movement without resistance
Nerve impulses lost
Flaccidity
Hypotonia
increased muscle tone
increased resistance to passive movement
Spasticity
hypertonia
What parts are involved with the lower motor neuron
Bulbar
Anterior horn cell
primary muscle
myoneural junction
what parts are involved with the upper motor neuron
Motor cortex
Internal capsule
Brainstem
spinal cord
what neurotransmitters are inhibitory
Dopamine and GABA
what neurotransmitters are excitatory
Acetylcholine
which motor neuron effects muscle groups, has minimal muscle atrophy, no fasciculations, increased DTR, hypertonia and spasticity, and has a babinski sign
Upper motor neuron (pyramidal)
which motor neuron effect individual muscles, has marked muscle atrophy, has fasciculations, decreased DTR, hypotonia and flaccidity, and does not have a babinski sign
lower motor neuron (antiriot horn and cranial nerve nuclei)
neurodegenerative disorderthat diffuselt affects upper and lower motor neuron of cerebral cortex, brain stem, and spinal cord
Selectively affects motor function
Progressive weakness leading to reparatory failure and death
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ALS
starts in the parental gyris
causes movement
pyramidal motor pathway
starts in the basil ganglia and modifies movement
extrapyramidal motor pathway
synthesizes and releases dopamine
substantia nigra
signal the corpus striatum to inhibit motor movement to make sure movement is controlled and smooth
dopamine
Voluntary movement paralysis, increased DTRs, babinski sign present, no involuntary movement, spastic muscle tone
pyramidal motor syndromes
little to no paralysis of voluntary movement, DTR slightly increased or WNL, absent babinski sign, tremor, chorea, athertosis, or dystonia, plastic or intermittent (cogwheel) rigidity
extrapyramidal syndromes
involuntary movements
dyskinesia
severe degernation/atrophy of basal ganglia (corpus striatum) involving dopaminergic pathwyas leading to impaired direct (movement facilitation) and indirect (movement inhibition) motor pathways
Defect of post synaptic receptors
Parkinsons Disease
movement that is slow, sinuous, distal extremities
athetosis
flapping hands
asterixis
reapid irregular contraction of muscle groups
chorea
movement of face trunk and extremities
tardive
traumatic injury of vertebral and neural tissues dut to compressing, pulling, or shearing forces
Loss of motor, sensory, reflex, and autonomic function below transected/ischemic area
spinal cord trauma
Complete loss of reflex function at and below injury level; suprasegmental impulses inhibited
Paralysis, flaccidity, no sensation, no bladder or rectal control, hypothermia, hypotension
Over when reflexes return and spastic paralysis replaces flaccidity
spinal shock
Loss of sympathetic outflow
Cervical/ upper thoracic injury
Unopposed parasympathetic (intact vagus nerve)
Vasodilation, hypotension, bradycardia, hypothermia
neurogenic shock
