Test 4 musculoskeletal

Question 1

is a break in the continuity of a bone

Answer 1

fracture

Question 2

the bone is broken all the way through

Answer 2

complete fracture

Question 3

the bone is damaged but still in one piece

Answer 3

incomplete fracture

Question 4

fracture where the skin is intact

Answer 4

closed

Question 5

fracture where the skin is broken

Answer 5

open

Question 6

when a bone breaks in more than two fragments

Answer 6

comminuted fracture

Question 7

Fracture line runs parallel to the long axis of bone

Answer 7

linear fracture

Question 8

fracture line at an angle to long axis of bone

Answer 8

oblique fracture

Question 9

Fracture line encircling bone (as a spiral staircase)

Answer 9

spiral fracture

Question 10

horizontal break through bone

Answer 10

transverse fracture

Question 11

fracture fragments are pushed into each other

Answer 11

impacted fracture

Question 12

fracture occurs as a bone is weakened by disease

Answer 12

pathological fracture

Question 13

fractures cause by low level trauma

Answer 13

Fragility fracture

Question 14

break in one cortex of bone

Answer 14

greenstick fracture

Question 15

bucking of bone cortex with no break

Answer 15

torus fracture

Question 16

bending of the bone

Answer 16

bowing fracture

Question 17

Micro fracture caused by stress

Answer 17

stress fracture

Question 18

abnormal stress

Answer 18

fatigue stress fracture

Question 19

abnormal bone

Answer 19

insufficiency stress fracture

Question 20

Separation of articular cartilage from main shaft of bone

Answer 20

transchondral fracture

Question 21

first the bone is aligned then it is kept under traction then a cast is put on after the swelling is gone

Answer 21

closed manipulation

Question 22

go in with surgery and move bone back into position and sometimes scores and plates are used

Answer 22

open manipulation

Question 23

is failure of the bone ends to grow together

Answer 23

nonunion

Question 24

is union that does not occur until approximately 8-9 months after fracture

Answer 24

delayed union

Question 25

is the healing of a bone in a non anatomic position

Answer 25

malunion

Question 26

false joint

Answer 26

pseudarthrosis

Question 27

Temporary displacement of two bones | Loss of contact between articular cartilage

Answer 27

dislocation

Question 28

contact between articular surfaces is only partially lost

Answer 28

subluxation

Question 29

connects muscle to bone

Answer 29

tendon

Question 30

connects bone to bone

Answer 30

ligaments

Question 31

Tear or injury to a tendon

Answer 31

Strain

Question 32

tear or injury to a ligament

Answer 32

sprain

Question 33

complete separation of a tendon or ligament from its bony attachment site

Answer 33

Avulsion

Question 34

inflammation of the tendon

Answer 34

tendinitis

Question 35

inflammation of the bursa

Answer 35

bursitis

Question 36

is caused by a wound infection from inside the bursa

Answer 36

septic bursitis

Question 37

inflammation of a tendon where it attaches to a bone

Answer 37

epicondylitis

Question 38

tennis elbow

Answer 38

lateral epicondylitis

Question 39

Golfers elbow

Answer 39

medial epicondylitis

Question 40

is the repaid breakdown of muscle that causes the release of intercellular contents, including protein pigment myoglobin, into intracellular space and bloodstream

Answer 40

rhabdomyolysis (myoglobinuria)

Question 41

is a disease in which bone tissue is normally mineralized but the mass (density of bone) is decreased and the structural integrity if trabecular bone is impaired

Answer 41

osteoporosis

Question 42

normal bone density

Answer 42

833

Question 43

osteopenic bone density

Answer 43

833-648

Question 44

osteoporosis bone density

Answer 44

less than 648

Question 45

occurs in middle aged and older women | It can occur because of estrogen deficiency as well as estrogen-independent age-related mechanisms

Answer 45

postmenopausal osteoporosis

Question 46

osteoporosis confined to a region or segment of the appendicular skeleton

Answer 46

regional osteoporosis

Question 47

Deficiency of vitamin D lowers the absorption of calcium from the intestines Inadequate od delayed mineralization Bone formation progresses to osteoid formation but calcification does not occur, the result is soft bones

Answer 47

Osteomalacia

Question 48

Excessive resorption of spongey bone and accelerated formation of softened bone

Answer 48

Paget disease (osteitis deformans)

Question 49

is a bone infection most often caused by bacteria

Answer 49

osteomyelitis

Question 50

is an infection that enters from outside the body (open wound)

Answer 50

exogenous osteomyelitis

Question 51

from a blood borne infection

Answer 51

endogenous osteomyelitis

Question 52

bone tumor that originates from bone cell

Answer 52

osteogenic

Question 53

bone tumor that originates from cartilage

Answer 53

chrondrogenic

Question 54

bone tumor that originates from fibrous tissue

Answer 54

collagenic

Question 55

bone tumor that originated from marrow or vascular tissue

Answer 55

myelogenic

Question 56

common age related disorder of synovial joints | Degeneration and loss of articular cartilage, sclerosis of bone underneath cartilage, and formation of bone spurs

Answer 56

osteoarthritis

Question 57

characterized by inflammatory damage or destruction in the synovial membrane or articular cartilage and by systemic signs f inflammation

Answer 57

inflammatory joint disease (arthritis)

Question 58

Inflammatory joint disease Systemic autoimmune damage to connective tissue, primarily in the joints Joint fluid presents with inflammatory exudate

Answer 58

Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 59

Inflammatory joint disease of the spine or sacroiliac joints causing stiffening and fusion of the joints Systemic, immune inflammatory disease

Answer 59

Ankylosing spondylitis

Question 60

metabolic disorder that disrupts the bodes control of uric acid production or excretion

Answer 60

Gout

Question 61

Muscle fiber shortening without an action potential | Caused by failure of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (calcium pump) even with available ATP

Answer 61

contracture

Question 62

Neck stiffness, back pain, clenching teeth, hand grip, and headache associated with chronic anxiety

Answer 62

stress induced muscle tension

Question 63

chronic widespread joint and muscle pain

Answer 63

fibromyalgia

Question 64

reduction in the normal size of muscle cells due to prolonged inactivity

Answer 64

disuse atrophy

Question 65

Generalized muscle inflammation mediated by T cells

Answer 65

Polymyositis

Question 66

polymyositis accompanied with skin rash, humorally mediated

Answer 66

Dermaromyositis