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Patho > Test 2 chapter 31 > Flashcards

Test 2 chapter 31 Flashcards

1
Q

starts the heart beat

pace maker of the heart

A

SA node

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2
Q

what side of the heart pumps blood though the lungs

A

the right side

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3
Q

what side of the heart sends blood throughout the systemic circulation, which supplies all of the body except the lungs

A

the left side

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4
Q

flow of the electrical system

A

SA node, AV node, Bundle of His, right and left bundle branch, Purkinje fibers

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5
Q

used to lubricate and protect the heart

A

pericardium

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6
Q

where are the coronary arteries located

A

the myocardium

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7
Q

chambers of the heart make up what system

A

the pump system

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8
Q

which side of the heart is a low pressure system

A

right side

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9
Q

which side of the heart is a high pressure system

A

left side

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10
Q

what valves open during ventricular relaxation

A

mitral and tricuspid valves

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11
Q

valves on the right side of heart

A

tricuspid and pulmonary semilunar valve

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12
Q

valves on the left side of heart

A

mitral and aortic semilunar valve

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13
Q

allow for the rapid transmission of electrical impulses

A

intercalated disks

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14
Q

blood vessels that are made of muscle

A

arteries

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15
Q

blood vessels that have valves

A

veins

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16
Q

internal component of blood vessels

A

lumen

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17
Q

internal layer of blood vessels

A

tunica intima

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18
Q

outside of blood vessel

A

tunica externa

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19
Q

the right heart receives venous deoxygenated blood from the systemic circulation through what

A

the superior and inferior vena cava

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20
Q

transports unoxygenated blood from the right heart to the right and left lungs

A

pulmonary arteries

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21
Q

two from the left lung and two from the rich flung, carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left side of the heart

A

pulmonary veins

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22
Q

when blood fills the ventricles

A

diastole

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23
Q

when blood is propelled out of the the ventricles and into the pulmonary and systemic circulation

A

systole

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24
Q

phase where Ca slowly enter the cell

early repolarization

A

phase 1

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25
Q

phase where Ca and NA slowly enter cell

continued replarization

A

phase 2

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26
Q

phase where K moves out of cell

A

phase 3

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27
Q

return to resting membrane potential phase

A

phase 4

28
Q

phase where Na rapidly enters cell

depolarization

A

phase 0

29
Q

senses pressures in the different chambers

A

swan ganz catheter

30
Q

what are the two major coronary arteries

A

right and left coronary artery

31
Q

Feed the right side of heart, both atrium and ventricle

Feeds SA and AV nodes

A

right coronary artery

32
Q

feeds left atrium

Splits into circumflex and left anterior descending artery

A

left main coronary artery

33
Q

feeds around and back of heart

A

circumflex

34
Q

feeds the anterior of heart and septum

A

left anterior descending artery

35
Q

electrical activation

A

depolarization

36
Q

electrical deactivation

A

Repolarization

37
Q

the property of generating spontaneous depolarization to threshold, enables the SA and AV nodes to generate cardiac action potentials without andy stimulus

A

automaticity

38
Q

is the regular generation of action potential by the hearts conduction system

A

rhythmicity

39
Q

represents atrial depolarization

A

P wave

40
Q

represents ventricular depolarization and atrial repolarization

A

QRS wave

41
Q

represents ventricular repolarization

A

T wave

42
Q

increase electrical conductivity and the straight of the myocardial contraction
Increase HR, BP and ejection fraction

A

sympathetic nerves

43
Q

slows down conduction of action potentials though the heart, and reduces the strength of contraction
Only comes for vegus nerve

A

parasympathetic nerves

44
Q

adrenergic receptors that cause vasoconstriction

A

alpha 1 and beta 1

45
Q

adrenergic receptors that cause vasodilation

A

alpha 2 and beta 2

46
Q

fill

A

preload

47
Q

resistance pressure

how hard is has to beat to get out

A

afterload

48
Q

how hard the heart is actually squeezing

Measured by ejection fraction

A

myocardial contractility

49
Q

the stroke volume of the heart increases in response to an increase in the volume of blood filling the heart (the end of diastolic volume) when all other factors remain constant

A

frank-starling law

50
Q

is the volume of blood flowing through either the systemic or the pulmonary circuit and is expressed in liters per minute

A

cardiac output

51
Q

what makes up stroke volume

A

preload
afterload
contractility

52
Q

make up preload

A

end systolic volume

venous return

53
Q

make up after load

A

aortic pressure

aortic valvular function

54
Q

make up contractility

A

end diastolic volume
sympathetic stimulation
myocardial oxygen supply

55
Q

regulates Na excretion (natriuresis), diuresis, vasodilation

A

natriuretic peptide

56
Q

increase NA excretion (via urination) and lowers BP

A

atrial natriuretic peptide

57
Q

excreted from cardiac cells due to excessive stretching . works similarly to ANP

A

Brain natriuretic peptide

58
Q

highly concentrated in endothelium, mediator of vasodilation

A

C-type natriuretic peptide

59
Q

intrarenal regulation of sodium and water balance and sodium excretion

A

urodilantin

60
Q

Hot spot imaging indicates

A

MI with active infarction

61
Q

cold spot imaging indicates

A

MI with death

62
Q

invasive test used for looking at electrical function

A

atrioventicular bundle electrocardiograph

63
Q

invasive test used for looking at pump function

A

cardiac catheterization

64
Q

invasive test used for looking at blood flow

A

coronary angiography

65
Q

Hardening of the vessel wall

CAn come from fat or calcium

A

arteriosclerosis

66
Q

Plaque within the arterial wall

Fatty build up

A

Atherosclerosis

Patho (19 decks)

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