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Patho > Test 2 Chapter 32 > Flashcards

Test 2 Chapter 32 Flashcards

1
Q

Essential or idiopathic hypertension

Genetic and environmental factors

A

Primary hypertension

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2
Q

hypertension caused by a systemic disease process that raises peripheral vascular resistance or cardiac output

A

secondary hypertension

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3
Q

hypertension accused by elevation of systolic pressure caused by increases in cardiac output, total peripheral vascular resistance, or both

A

isolated systolic hypertension

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4
Q

chronic hypertensive damage to the walls of systemic blood vessels
Vascular remodeling

A

Complicated hypertension

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5
Q

rapidly progressive hypertension

Can lead to encephalopathy

A

malignant hypertension

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6
Q

aneurysm that includes dysrhythmias, heart failure, and embolism of clots to the brain or other vital organs

A

Heart aneurysm

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7
Q

drugs given for hypertension to non blacks and may or may not have diabetes

A

thiazide
ACE-1
ARB
CCB

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8
Q

drugs given for hypertension to blacks and may or may not have diabetes

A

Thiazide

CCB

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9
Q

drugs given to for hypertension and also have CKD

A

ACE-1

ARB

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10
Q

Complications of atherosclerosis

A

Aneurysms

Coronary artery disease

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11
Q

local dilation or outputting of a vessel wall or cardiac chamber

A

aneurysm

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12
Q

aneurysm that is asymptomatic until it ruptures, then it becomes painful

A

Aorta

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13
Q

aneurysm that included dysphagia, and dyspnea that are caused by the pressure

A

Thoracic

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14
Q

aneurysm in which flow to an extremity is impaired, causing ischemia

A

abdomen

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15
Q

treatments for aneurysms

A

maintenance of low flood volume and pressure
Smoking cessation
B adrenergic blockage
Surgery

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16
Q

complication of aneurysms

A

aortic dissection

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17
Q

Is a devastating complication of the aorta, can disrupt blood flow through the arterial branches
Tearing of the vessel wall
Is a surgical emergency

A

Aortic dissection

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18
Q

Any vascular disorder that narrows or occluded the coronary arteries

A

Coronary artery Disease

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19
Q

what is the most common cause of coronary artery disease

A

artherosclerosis

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20
Q

develops if the supply of coronary blood cannot meet the demand of the myocardium oxygen and nutrients

A

myocardial ischemia

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21
Q

causes predictable chest pain

A

stable angina

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22
Q

causes unpredictable chest pain

A

prinzmetal (variant) angina

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23
Q

causes no predictable symptoms

A

silent ischemia

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24
Q

causes transient substernal chest discomfort

A

angina pectoris

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25
Q

sudden and extended obstruction of the myocardial blood supply

A

Myocardial infarction

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26
Q

a myocardial infarction that involves the inner most layer of the myocardium

A

subendocardial infarction

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27
Q

infarction that involves the full thickness of the myocardium

A

transmural infarction

28
Q

temporary loss of contractility

A

myocardial stunning

29
Q

metabolic adaptations to prolong myocyte survival

A

hibernating myocardium

30
Q

changes in size, structure, and physiology of the heart after injury to the myocardium
Mediated by TNF alpha, catecholamines, angiotensin II, aldosterone, insulin resistance

A

Myocardial remodeling

31
Q

athersclerotic disease of the arteries that perfuse limbs, especially lower extremities
Prevalent in people who smoke and with diabetes

A

Peripheral artery disease

32
Q

obstruction of arterial blood flow in the iliofemoral vessels, resulting in pain with ambulation

A

intermittent claudication

33
Q

blood clot that remains attached to the vessel wall

A

Thrombus formation

34
Q

caused by roughening of the tunica intima by atherosclerosis

A

activation of the coagulation cascade

35
Q

obstruction of venous flow leading to increased venous pressure

A

Deep venous thrombosis

36
Q

progressive occlusion of the SVC that leads to venous distention on the upper extremities and head

A

SVC syndrome

37
Q

leading cause of SVC syndrome

A

Bronchogenic cancer

38
Q

Bolus of matter that is circulating in the blood stream

A

embolism

39
Q

blood clot that has traveled to the lungs

A

pulmonary embolism

40
Q

a vein in which blood has pooled

A

varicose vein

41
Q

inadequate venous return over long period of time due to varicose veins or valvular incompetence

A

chronic venous insufficiency

42
Q 
infection of the lining of the heart including heart valves 
Usually bacterial (staph)
A

infective Endocarditis

43
Q

valve orifice is constricted and narrowed

A

valvular stenosis

44
Q

Valve fails to shut completely

Is also called insufficiency or incompetence

A

Valvular Regurgitation

45
Q

Types of valvular stenosis

A

Aortic stenosis

Mitral stenosis

46
Q

types of valvular regurgitation

A

aortic regurgitation
Mitral regurgitation
tricuspid regurgitation

47
Q

Valve should be open

A

stenosis

48
Q

Valve should be closed

A

Regurg

49
Q

general term used to describe several types of cardiac dysfunction that results in inadequate perfusion of tissues with blood-borne nutrients

A

Heart failure

50
Q

inability of the heart to generate adequate cardiac output to perfuse tissue
Impaired stroke volume or forward flow

A

Left systolic heart failure

51
Q

Pulmonary congestion despite normal stroke volume and cardiac output
Impaired relaxation

A

Left diastolic heart failure

52
Q

inability of the heart to generate forward pressure

A

right systolic heart failure

53
Q

most commonly caused by a diffuse hypoxic pulmonary disease

Can result from an increase in left ventricular filling pressure that is reflected back into the pulmonary circulation

A

Right heart failure

54
Q

Effects of neurohumoral responses to ischemic heart disease or hypertension on the heart muscle cause remodeling

A

Cardiomyopathies

55
Q

ventricular dilation, impaired systolic function (LHF), LV hypertrophy, eventual left heart failure
Causes: ischemic heart disease, pregnancy, infection, toxins

A

Dilated (CHF)

56
Q

impiared systolic function (LHF), ventricular and septal wall hypertrophy, eventual left heart failure
Causes: genetic, hypertension, aortic valve stenosis

A

Hypertrophic

57
Q

restrictive filling, impaired diastolic function(RHF), eventual right heart failure
Causes: idiopathic, systemic disease (scleroderma sarcoidosis, amyloidosis)

A

restrictive

58
Q

Inflammatory disease

Inflammation, thrombus formation and vasospasm occluding small to medium arteries in periphery

A

Thromboangitis obliterans

59
Q

vasospasms in small arteries and arterioles

Secondary to systemic disease

A

Raynauds phenomenon

60
Q

inflammation of the pericardium

A

pericarditis

61
Q

fluid accumulation in pericardial cavity

A

pericardial effusion

62
Q

fluid or blood buildup around the heart, altering flow

A

cardiac tamponade

Pericardial tamponade

63
Q

Heart failure that involves JVD, edema, hepatomegaly

A

right heart failure

64
Q

heart failure that involves a decrease in stroke volume and cardiac output and hemodynamic collapse

A

left heart failure

65
Q

abnormally large decrease in systolic blood pressure and pulse wave amplitude during inspiration

A

Pulsus paradoxus

66
Q

inflammatory disease caused by a delayed immune response to Strep B hemolytic infection

A

Rheumatic fever

Patho (19 decks)

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