Test 2 Chapter 32

Question 1

Essential or idiopathic hypertension

Genetic and environmental factors

Answer 1

Primary hypertension

Question 2

hypertension caused by a systemic disease process that raises peripheral vascular resistance or cardiac output

Answer 2

secondary hypertension

Question 3

hypertension accused by elevation of systolic pressure caused by increases in cardiac output, total peripheral vascular resistance, or both

Answer 3

isolated systolic hypertension

Question 4

chronic hypertensive damage to the walls of systemic blood vessels
Vascular remodeling

Answer 4

Complicated hypertension

Question 5

rapidly progressive hypertension

Can lead to encephalopathy

Answer 5

malignant hypertension

Question 6

aneurysm that includes dysrhythmias, heart failure, and embolism of clots to the brain or other vital organs

Answer 6

Heart aneurysm

Question 7

drugs given for hypertension to non blacks and may or may not have diabetes

Answer 7

thiazide
ACE-1
ARB
CCB

Question 8

drugs given for hypertension to blacks and may or may not have diabetes

Answer 8

Thiazide

CCB

Question 9

drugs given to for hypertension and also have CKD

Answer 9

ACE-1

ARB

Question 10

Complications of atherosclerosis

Answer 10

Aneurysms

Coronary artery disease

Question 11

local dilation or outputting of a vessel wall or cardiac chamber

Answer 11

aneurysm

Question 12

aneurysm that is asymptomatic until it ruptures, then it becomes painful

Answer 12

Aorta

Question 13

aneurysm that included dysphagia, and dyspnea that are caused by the pressure

Answer 13

Thoracic

Question 14

aneurysm in which flow to an extremity is impaired, causing ischemia

Answer 14

abdomen

Question 15

treatments for aneurysms

Answer 15

maintenance of low flood volume and pressure
Smoking cessation
B adrenergic blockage
Surgery

Question 16

complication of aneurysms

Answer 16

aortic dissection

Question 17

Is a devastating complication of the aorta, can disrupt blood flow through the arterial branches
Tearing of the vessel wall
Is a surgical emergency

Answer 17

Aortic dissection

Question 18

Any vascular disorder that narrows or occluded the coronary arteries

Answer 18

Coronary artery Disease

Question 19

what is the most common cause of coronary artery disease

Answer 19

artherosclerosis

Question 20

develops if the supply of coronary blood cannot meet the demand of the myocardium oxygen and nutrients

Answer 20

myocardial ischemia

Question 21

causes predictable chest pain

Answer 21

stable angina

Question 22

causes unpredictable chest pain

Answer 22

prinzmetal (variant) angina

Question 23

causes no predictable symptoms

Answer 23

silent ischemia

Question 24

causes transient substernal chest discomfort

Answer 24

angina pectoris

Question 25

sudden and extended obstruction of the myocardial blood supply

Answer 25

Myocardial infarction

Question 26

a myocardial infarction that involves the inner most layer of the myocardium

Answer 26

subendocardial infarction

Question 27

infarction that involves the full thickness of the myocardium

Answer 27

transmural infarction

Question 28

temporary loss of contractility

Answer 28

myocardial stunning

Question 29

metabolic adaptations to prolong myocyte survival

Answer 29

hibernating myocardium

Question 30

changes in size, structure, and physiology of the heart after injury to the myocardium Mediated by TNF alpha, catecholamines, angiotensin II, aldosterone, insulin resistance

Answer 30

Myocardial remodeling

Question 31

athersclerotic disease of the arteries that perfuse limbs, especially lower extremities Prevalent in people who smoke and with diabetes

Answer 31

Peripheral artery disease

Question 32

obstruction of arterial blood flow in the iliofemoral vessels, resulting in pain with ambulation

Answer 32

intermittent claudication

Question 33

blood clot that remains attached to the vessel wall

Answer 33

Thrombus formation

Question 34

caused by roughening of the tunica intima by atherosclerosis

Answer 34

activation of the coagulation cascade

Question 35

obstruction of venous flow leading to increased venous pressure

Answer 35

Deep venous thrombosis

Question 36

progressive occlusion of the SVC that leads to venous distention on the upper extremities and head

Answer 36

SVC syndrome

Question 37

leading cause of SVC syndrome

Answer 37

Bronchogenic cancer

Question 38

Bolus of matter that is circulating in the blood stream

Answer 38

embolism

Question 39

blood clot that has traveled to the lungs

Answer 39

pulmonary embolism

Question 40

a vein in which blood has pooled

Answer 40

varicose vein

Question 41

inadequate venous return over long period of time due to varicose veins or valvular incompetence

Answer 41

chronic venous insufficiency

Question 42

``` infection of the lining of the heart including heart valves Usually bacterial (staph) ```

Answer 42

infective Endocarditis

Question 43

valve orifice is constricted and narrowed

Answer 43

valvular stenosis

Question 44

Valve fails to shut completely | Is also called insufficiency or incompetence

Answer 44

Valvular Regurgitation

Question 45

Types of valvular stenosis

Answer 45

Aortic stenosis | Mitral stenosis

Question 46

types of valvular regurgitation

Answer 46

aortic regurgitation Mitral regurgitation tricuspid regurgitation

Question 47

Valve should be open

Answer 47

stenosis

Question 48

Valve should be closed

Answer 48

Regurg

Question 49

general term used to describe several types of cardiac dysfunction that results in inadequate perfusion of tissues with blood-borne nutrients

Answer 49

Heart failure

Question 50

inability of the heart to generate adequate cardiac output to perfuse tissue Impaired stroke volume or forward flow

Answer 50

Left systolic heart failure

Question 51

Pulmonary congestion despite normal stroke volume and cardiac output Impaired relaxation

Answer 51

Left diastolic heart failure

Question 52

inability of the heart to generate forward pressure

Answer 52

right systolic heart failure

Question 53

most commonly caused by a diffuse hypoxic pulmonary disease | Can result from an increase in left ventricular filling pressure that is reflected back into the pulmonary circulation

Answer 53

Right heart failure

Question 54

Effects of neurohumoral responses to ischemic heart disease or hypertension on the heart muscle cause remodeling

Answer 54

Cardiomyopathies

Question 55

ventricular dilation, impaired systolic function (LHF), LV hypertrophy, eventual left heart failure Causes: ischemic heart disease, pregnancy, infection, toxins

Answer 55

Dilated (CHF)

Question 56

impiared systolic function (LHF), ventricular and septal wall hypertrophy, eventual left heart failure Causes: genetic, hypertension, aortic valve stenosis

Answer 56

Hypertrophic

Question 57

restrictive filling, impaired diastolic function(RHF), eventual right heart failure Causes: idiopathic, systemic disease (scleroderma sarcoidosis, amyloidosis)

Answer 57

restrictive

Question 58

Inflammatory disease | Inflammation, thrombus formation and vasospasm occluding small to medium arteries in periphery

Answer 58

Thromboangitis obliterans

Question 59

vasospasms in small arteries and arterioles | Secondary to systemic disease

Answer 59

Raynauds phenomenon

Question 60

inflammation of the pericardium

Answer 60

pericarditis

Question 61

fluid accumulation in pericardial cavity

Answer 61

pericardial effusion

Question 62

fluid or blood buildup around the heart, altering flow

Answer 62

cardiac tamponade | Pericardial tamponade

Question 63

Heart failure that involves JVD, edema, hepatomegaly

Answer 63

right heart failure

Question 64

heart failure that involves a decrease in stroke volume and cardiac output and hemodynamic collapse

Answer 64

left heart failure

Question 65

abnormally large decrease in systolic blood pressure and pulse wave amplitude during inspiration

Answer 65

Pulsus paradoxus

Question 66

inflammatory disease caused by a delayed immune response to Strep B hemolytic infection

Answer 66

Rheumatic fever