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KIN 3320 > test 3: lymphatic system > Flashcards

test 3: lymphatic system Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 functions of the lymphatic system?

A

1) produce, maintain, and distribute lymphocytes (immune response)
2) maintain normal blood volume and composition of interstitial fluid
3) alternate route for transport of hormones and nutrient wastes

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2
Q

what is the composition of lymph?

A

1) interstitial fluid
2) lymphocytes
3) macrophages

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3
Q

what type of cells are lymphocytes?

A

agranular WBCs

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4
Q

primary lymphatic structures

A
  • where lymphocytes are produced and mature

- e.g. thymus, red bone marrow

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5
Q

secondary lymphatic structures

A
  • where lymphocytes are activated and receive additional support
  • e.g. lymph nodes and tonsils
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6
Q

describe the flow of lymph

A

-1-way highway coming from periphery to venous system

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7
Q

lymphedema

A

damage to lymphatic vessels or if you get lymph nodes removed, system doesn’t work as well

  • get pooling of lymph, swelling
  • light pressure massage helps to treat
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8
Q

lymphatic capillaries

A
  • sit in capillary beds
  • contain one-way “valves”, made of collagenous filaments
  • endothelial cells overlap one another - not a full basal lamina surrounding it
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9
Q

do lymphatic capillaries contain valves

A
  • not really
  • look and act like valves, but they’re really just overlapping endothelial cells - fluid goes in one way then can’t escape
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10
Q

how does the lumen of lymphatic vessels differ from blood vessels?

A

-they have a large lumen, walls are quite thin (don’t see 3 different layers like in arteries and veins)

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11
Q

name the lymphatic vessels from distal to proximal

A
  • small lymphatic capillaries

- vessels (has valves)

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12
Q

do lymphatic vessels have valves?

A

-yes, bulges in lymphatic system where there are valves, muscle contraction helps move fluid along the vessels (same as veins)

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13
Q

what are the 5 lymphatic trunks?

A

1) lumbar (R/L)
2) intestinal (R/L)
3) brachiomediastinal (R/L) - drains everything from thoracic cavity
4) subclavian (R/L)
- upper extremity
5) jugular (R/L)
- head

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14
Q

cisterna chyli

A
  • gather lymph from lumbar and intestinal trunks

- turns into thoracic duct when it passes the diaphragm

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15
Q

thoracic duct

A

cisterna chyli joins to form thoracic duct

  • drains into left subclavian vein
  • collects most of the body’s fluid
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16
Q

right lymphatic duct

A
  • attaches to right subclavian vein
  • right jugular, right subclavian, right brachiomediastinal
  • collects a lot less fluid
17
Q

what are the 2 lymphatic ducts and from which areas of the body do they collect fluid

A

1) right lymphatic duct
- collect fluid from right side of thoracic cavity, right arm, and right side of head/neck
2) thoracic duct
- collects from everywhere else in body

18
Q

describe the movement of interstitial fluid from right ankle to heart

A
  • Lymphatic capillary
  • Lymphatic vessel
  • Right lumbar trunk
  • Cisterna chyli
  • Thoracic duct
  • Left subclavian vein
  • Brachiocephalic vein
  • Superior vena cava
19
Q

where do lymphocytes originate from?

A
  • production starts in red bone marrow

- T-cells activate in thymus

20
Q

what are the 3 lymphocytes? Where in the body does each mature?

A
  • T-cells (thymus)
  • B-cells (red bone marrow)
  • NK cells (red bone marrow)
21
Q

T-cells, B-cells, and NK cells originate from which type of cells?

A

lymphatic stem cells

22
Q

how does each lymphocyte contribute to immunity?

A

1) T-cells
- cell mediated immunity
2) B-cells
- antibody mediated immunity
3) NK cells
- immune surveillance

23
Q

T cells

A
  • cell mediated immunity
  • attack and destroy foreign pathogens
  • most abundant
  • 3 types: helper (helps activate B cells), regulatory, and memory
24
Q

B cells

A
  • activated by T cells

- create antibodies to attack foreign cells

25
Q

NK cells

A

-look for foreign bodies - attach to them and release chemical that signals that the cell is bad

26
Q

what does MALT stand for?

A

-mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue

27
Q

what systems are MALTs associated with?

A
  • respiratory, reproductive, digestive, urinary

- where you’re exposed to different viruses and foreign bodies

28
Q

what are the 2 major sites of MALTs?

A

1) tonsils (5)

2) appendix

29
Q

name the 5 tonsils and their location

A
  • pharyngeal (back of nasopharynx)
  • L/R palatine tonsils (back of throat
  • L/R lingual tonsils (base of tongue)
30
Q

how is the appendix a MALT?

A
  • contains a lot of lymphatic tissue

- when removed, lack some of the cells that produce gut bacteria

31
Q

what are the 3 lymphatic organs?

A

1) lymph node
2) thymus
3) spleen

32
Q

lymph node as a lymphatic organ

A
  • widespread throughout the body
  • cervical, axillary, popliteal, inguinal, thoracic, abdominal, intestinal, mesenteric
  • should be small when healthy (1-25 mm)
33
Q

thymus as a lymphatic organ

A
  • thoracic cavity in mediastinum

- large and active in childhood - decreases in adulthood

34
Q

spleen as a lymphatic organ

A
  • LUQ
  • sits between 9th and 11th rib
  • processes a lot of blood, a lot of damaged blood cells in this area
  • can be removed, we can function without it
  • will be a bit immunocompromised however
35
Q

what is the largest lymphatic organ?

A

spleen

36
Q

what is the capsule of a lymph node

A

dense CT surrounding the node

37
Q

what are the trabeculae in lymph nodes?

A

indentations protruding from capsule

38
Q

what is the hilum of the lymph node?

A

-indentation where a lot of structures come in and out (blood vessels/lymph vessels)

39
Q

describe the movement of lymph in a lymph node

A
  • afferent vessel (there are multiple)
  • cortex
  • medulla
  • efferent vessel (there is only one)

KIN 3320 (19 decks)

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