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KIN 3320 > NS pt 7 > Flashcards

NS pt 7 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the general senses?

A
  • pain
  • touch
  • pressure
  • vibration
  • proprioception
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2
Q

what are the 3 receptor types?

A

1) interoceptor (visceral)
- detect internal changes in environment
2) exteroceptor (somatic)
- changes in external environment
3) proprioceptor (somatic)
- also an interoceptor
- detect change in position

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3
Q

what are the 4 types of receptors based on the stimulus they detect?

A

1) nociceptor
- extreme temp, physical damage, chemicals
- results in pain once stim reaches certain threshold
2) thermoreceptors
- cold, warm
- mostly located on external regions of body (integumentary system)
3) mechanoreceptors (tactile, baroreceptor, proprioceptor)
- respond to pressure
4) chemoreceptor
- respond to chemicals (specific)

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4
Q

where are thermoreceptors located?

A
  • hypothalamus
  • liver
  • integumentary system (dermis)
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5
Q

which are more common? cold or warm thermoreceptors?

A

way more cold

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6
Q

what are the special senses?

A
  • smell
  • taste
  • equilibrium
  • hearing
  • vision
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7
Q

what are the olfactory organs?

A
  • cerebrum
  • olfactory nerve
  • olfactory bulb
  • olfactory tract
  • olfactory epithelium
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8
Q

what type of neuron is the olfactory nerve?

A

-bipolar

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9
Q

where is the cell body of the olfactory nerve located?

A

-mostly found in olfactory epithelium - axon extends through cribriform plate where it’ll synapse with second neuron (olfactory bulb)

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10
Q

the olfactory nerve synapses in the thalamus

true or false?

A

false

-synapses directly into olfactory cortex

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11
Q

where is the olfactory cortex?

A

inferior portion of insula

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12
Q

describe the olfactory pathway

A

1) olfactory epithelium
2) olfactory nerve (I)
3) olfactory bulb
4) olfactory tract
5) CNS

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13
Q

what cells are responsible for gustation?

A

gustatory epithelial cells - found inside taste buds

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14
Q

what are the 4 types of lingual papillae?

A
  • filiform
  • fungiform
  • vallate
  • foliate
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15
Q

where is the gustatory cortex?

A

-superior insula

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16
Q

describe the gustatory pathway

A

3-neuron system

  • gustatory epithelium
  • sensory afferent fibres carried by CNs (VII, IX, X) synapse in medulla (1st to 2nd order neuron)
  • axons of postsynaptic neurons enter thalamus (2nd to 3rd order)
  • gustatory cortex
17
Q

what are the 3 regions of the ear?

A

1) external
- tympanic membrane separates from middle
2) middle
- auditory tube connects to inner ear
3) inner
- cochlea and vestibular system

18
Q

what are the 2 portions of the vestibulocochlear nerve?

A

1) cochlear nerve (attached to cochlea)
- hearing
2) vestibular (on vestibule)
- balance

19
Q

what are the 3 ossicles?

A
  • malleus
  • incus
  • stapes
20
Q

the stapes covers which window?

A

-oval window

21
Q

what are the 3 ducts in the cochlea?

A
  • vestibular
  • cochlear (endolymph)
  • tympanic
22
Q

membranous labyrinth

A
  • inside body labyrinth

- contains endolymph

23
Q

what is found between the membranous labyrinth and the bony labyrinth?

A

perilymph

24
Q

contrast semicircular canals with semicircular ducts

A

canals
-bony
ducts
-within body parts

25
Q

what are the 3 semicircular ducts? what head movements do they detect?

A

1) anterior
- detects anterior/posterior motion (e.g. nodding yes)
2) lateral
- detect shaking head “no”
3) posterior
- side to side movement (coronal plane)

26
Q

which structure of the inner ear makes up the vestibular nerve?

A

-axons from hair cells

27
Q

what structures make up the otolithic membrane?

A

-otoliths and gelatinous membrane

28
Q

otoliths detect _____

A

movement because they are weighted

29
Q

what’s the difference between the utricle and the saccule?

A
  • utricle: detects horizontal displacement

- saccule: detects vertical displacement

30
Q

the basilar membrane gets deformed when fluid comes through the ______. What is the result of this?

A

Scala vestibuli

-causes apical surface of cells to come in contact with tectorial membrane above

31
Q

describe the auditory pathway

A

1) sound waves arrive at tympanic membrane
2) movement of tympanic membrane = movement of ossicles
3) movement of stapes at oval window = pressure waves in perilymph of Scala vestibule
4) pressure waves distort basilar membrane on way to round window of Scala tympani
5) vibration of basilar membrane causes hair cells to vibrate against tectorial membrane = hair stimulation and neurotransmitter release
6) info about frequency and intensity = relayed to CNS via cochlear nerve

32
Q

describe the visual pathway

A

1) photoreceptors in retina
2) optic nerve (II)
3) optic chiasm
4) optic tract
5) lateral geniculate nucleus
6) projection fibres
7) visual cortex

33
Q

know main anatomical components of eye

A

textbook

KIN 3320 (19 decks)

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