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KIN 3320 > test 3 - CV system pt 3 > Flashcards

test 3 - CV system pt 3 Flashcards

1
Q

where does the pulmonary circuit begin and end?

A
  • starts at pulmonary trunk

- ends at left atrium receiving blood from pulmonary vein

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2
Q

where does the systemic circuit begin and end?

A
  • begins at aorta

- ends at right atrium

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3
Q

what are the 3 layers of a blood vessel wall from superficial to deep?

A

1) adventitia
2) media
3) intima

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4
Q

blood vessel wall layer: adventitia

A
  • superficial
  • thick CT (mostly collagen, some elastin) that binds vessels to surrounding tissues
  • thickest layer in veins
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5
Q

blood vessel wall layer: media

A
  • middle
  • smooth muscle and loose CT
  • alters vessel diameter and BP (vasoconstriction and dilation)
  • external elastic membrane
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6
Q

blood vessel wall layer: intima

A
  • deepest
  • endothelial lining and dilation of CT
  • internal elastic membrane
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7
Q

what are the 3 types of arteries?

A

1) elastic
2) muscular (aka distribution)
3) arterioles

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8
Q

what are examples of elastic arteries?

A
  • aorta
  • pulmonary trunk and arteries
  • brachiocephalic trunk
  • subclavian artery
  • common carotid and iliac arteries
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9
Q

elastic arteries - characteristics

A
  • large lumen
  • thick intima
  • media has a lot of elastic fibres (high pressure)
  • few myocytes (do not respond to SNS or local factors)
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10
Q

what are examples of muscular (aka distribution) arteries

A
  • radial
  • ulnar
  • basilar
  • popliteal
  • brachial
  • vertebral
  • splenic
  • renal
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11
Q

muscular arteries - characteristics

A
  • moderate lumen
  • media is thicker with many more myocytes (under SNS and local factor control)
  • prominent internal elastic membrane
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12
Q

arterioles - characteristics

A
  • small lumen
  • only visible with a microscope
  • thin adventitia
  • media is 1-2 layers of myocytes
  • control BF between arteries and capillaries
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13
Q

atherosclerosis - def

A
  • build up of plaque in artery

- can cause angina or myocardial infarction if in coronary artery

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14
Q

what are the 3 types of capillaries?

A

1) continuous
2) fenestrated
3) sinusoids

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15
Q

which are our most common capillaries?

A

-continuous - found everywhere except epithelia and cartilage (need blood flow)

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16
Q

continuous capillaries

A
  • found everywhere except in epithelia and cartilage
  • endothelium forms a complete lining, and endothelial cells connected by tight junctions and desmosomes
  • single endothelial cell wraps all the way around the lumen

-only small molecules (e.g. ions) can pass

17
Q

fenestrated capillaries

A
  • contain windows, or pores, in their walls, due to incomplete or perforated endothelial lining
  • far more permeable - allows molecules as large as peptides and small proteins to pass
  • e.g. choroid plexus of brain, small intestine, endocrine glands, kidneys
18
Q

sinusoids

A
  • discontinuous capillaries
  • resemble fenestrated capillaries that are flattened and irregularly shaped
  • sinusoids are larger, and have gaps between endothelial cells
  • sinusoids have thin basement membrane (sometimes absent)
  • e.g. liver, bone marrow, spleen, adrenal glands
19
Q

what is a capillary bed?

A

network of capillaries supplying blood to a specific organ or area of the body

20
Q

what happens in a capillary bed?

A

-facilitates the exchange of nutrients, gases, wastes, and hormones between the blood and tissue cells

21
Q

is the rate of blood flow constant in capillary beds?

A
  • no
  • blood flow can vary considerably
  • BF occurs in series or pulses
  • BF also changes due to anastomoses, metarterioles (precapillary sphincters)
22
Q

what are the 3 types of veins?

A

1) large veins
2) medium sized veins
3) venules

23
Q

give examples of large veins

A
  • superior and inferior vena cava
  • subclavian vein
  • renal vein
  • portal veins
24
Q

large veins - characteristics

A
  • intima and media are thin and difficult to distinguish

- adventitia is thick (collagen, elastin, and some myocytes)

25
Q

examples of medium sized veins

A
  • radial
  • tibial
  • popliteal (deep veins)
26
Q

medium sized veins - characteristics

A
  • usually found within the same CT sheath as muscular artery, three layers most distinguishable
  • contain valves
27
Q

venules - characteristics

A

smallest vein

-media is not complete or 1-2 layers of myocytes (mostly CT)

28
Q

large veins have valves

true or false?

A

false, only medium sized veins have valves

29
Q

which layer of medium sized veins creates the valves?

A

thickening of the intima

30
Q

which type of vein do not have all 3 BV layers?

A

venules only have adventitia (and endothelial lining)

  • do not have media
  • (sometimes media is present, but very thin)
31
Q

why do we only have a brachiocephalic trunk on the right side of the body?

A

-because heart is on the left, need a brachiocephalic trunk on the right because there is an increased distance to go

32
Q

which vein do we use to donate blood?

A

medial cubital

33
Q

look at whole body diagrams

A

lab 6 last pages

KIN 3320 (19 decks)

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