Chapter 1 Flashcards
what are the 11 organ systems?
1) integumentary
2) skeletal
3) muscular
4) lymphatic
5) respiratory
6) digestive
7) nervous
8) endocrine
9) cardiovascular
10) urinary
11) reproductive
what structures are found in the integumentary system?
- skin (dermis epidermis)
- hair follicles
- nails
- glands
what structures are found in the skeletal system?
- bone
- cartilage
- joints
- ligaments
- bone marrow
what structures are found in the muscular system?
- skeletal muscle
- tendons
- aponeurosis
what structures are found in the lymphatic system,?
- lymphatic vessels
- lymph nodes
- spleen
- thymus
what structures are found in the respiratory system?
- nasal cavities
- paranasal sinuses
- pharynx
- larynx
- trachea
- bronchi
- lungs
what structures are found in the digestive system,?
- oral cavity
- salivary glands
- pharynx
- esophagus
- stomach
- small intestine
- liver
- gallbladder
- pancreas
- large intestine
what structures are found in the nervous system,?
- CNS (brain spinal cord)
- PNS
what structures are found in the endocrine system?
- pineal gland
- pituitary gland
- thyroid
- parathyroid
- thymus
- adrenal glands
- kidneys
- pancreas
- gonads (testes, ovaries)
what structures are found in the cardiovascular system?
- heart
- blood vessels
- blood
what structures are found in the urinary system,?
- kidneys
- ureters
- urinary bladder
- urethra
what structures are found in the female reproductive system?
- ovaries
- uterine tubes
- uterus
- vagina
- external genitalia
- mammary glands
what structures are found in the male reproductive system?
- testes
- accessory organs (epididymis, ductus deferens, seminal glands, prostate, urethra)
- external genitalia (penis, scrotum)
what is the function of the integumentary system?
- protects against environmental hazards
- controls temperature
what is the function of the skeletal system?
- supports and protects soft tissues
- stores minerals
- forms blood
what is the function of the muscular system?
- provides movement and support
- generates heat
what is the function of the nervous system?
-directs immediate responses to stimuli, usually by coordinating the activities of other organ systems
what is the function of the endocrine system?
-directs long-term changes in the activities of other organ systems
what is the function of the cardiovascular system?
-distributes cells and dissolved materials, including nutrients, wastes, and gases
what is the function of the lymphatic system?
-defends against infection and disease
what is the function of the respiratory system?
-delivers air to sites where gas exchange occurs between the air and circulating blood
what is the function of the digestive system?
- processes and digests food
- absorbs nutrients
- stores energy reserves
what is the function of the urinary system?
- eliminates excess water, salts, and wastes
- controls pH
- regulates blood pressure
what is the function of the reproductive system,?
-produces sex cells and hormones
what are the structures in the right upper quadrant?
- right lobe of the liver
- gallbladder
- right kidney
- portions of the stomach
- small and large intestine
what are the structures in the left upper quadrant?
- left lobe of liver
- stomach
- pancreas
- left kidney
- spleen
- portions of the large intestine
what are the structures in the right lower quadrant?
- cecum
- appendix
- portions of the small intestine
- reproductive organs (right ovary in females and right spermatic cord in males)
- right ureter
what are the structures in the left lower quadrant?
- most of small intestine
- portions of large intestine
- left ureter
- reproductive organs )left ovary in female; left spermatic cord in males)
what is the structure that divides the abdominopelvic quadrants into 4?
umbilicus
what is the point of pain during appendicitis?
McBurney’s point
-1/3 of the way between the right ASIS and umbilicus
how many abdominopelvic regions are there?
9
what divides the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity?
diaphragm
what are the 3 central abdominopelvic regions from superior to inferior?
- epigastric region
- umbilical region
- hypogastric (pubic) region
what are the 3 lateral abdominopelvic regions from superior to inferior?
- hypochondriac region
- lumbar region
- inguinal region
the abdominopelvic cavity contains the _______ cavity (potential space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum)
peritoneal
pleural cavity - def
body cavity of the thoracic region that surrounds the lung
visceral pleura - def
serous membrane of the lungs and dipping into the fissures between the lung lobes
parietal pleura - def
serous membrane that lines the wall of the pulmonary cavity
mediastinum - def
septum between two parts of an organ or a cavity such as the central tissue mass that divides the thoracic cavity into two pleural cavities
pericardium - def
fibrous sac that surrounds the heart, and whose inner, serous lining is continuous with the epicardium
peritoneal cavity - def
potential space between the parietal peritoneum and the visceral peritoneum - at rest, there is no space
pericarditis - def
inflammation of the pericardium
-can be caused by any disease-causing agent or trauma; can severely restrict the function of the heart
peritonitis - def
inflammation of the peritoneum (serous membrane lining the abdomen)
- due to bacterial infection, liver failure, kidney failure, etc.
- affects all organs within the peritoneal cavity
